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Browse peer-reviewed research, institutional clinical trials, and synthesis data on blank. peptide compounds.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
Analysis of 36 studies (1993–2024) found BPC-157 enhanced growth hormone receptor expression, angiogenic pathways, and reduced inflammatory cytokines with improved biomechanical outcomes in musculoskeletal injuries.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Loughborough University, UK
Comprehensive review concluding that all BPC-157 studies demonstrate consistently positive and prompt healing effects for various traumatic and systemic soft tissue injuries including tendons, ligaments, and skeletal muscle.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Chang Gung University, Taiwan
BPC 157 significantly accelerated tendon explant outgrowth, increased cell survival under oxidative stress, and markedly increased in vitro migration of tendon fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: University of Zagreb Medical School
BPC 157 improved tendon healing biomechanically (increased load-to-failure and elasticity), functionally, and microscopically — achieving superior fibroblast formation and collagen deposition.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: University of Zagreb
BPC-157 counteracted NSAID-induced intestinal damage by stabilizing intestinal permeability, restoring cytoprotective prostaglandin systems, and recovering leaky-gut syndrome pathways.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: UT Southwestern Medical Center
Thymosin β4 activated epicardial progenitor cells, inhibited myocardial cell death, stimulated vessel growth, and reduced cardiac scarring through integrin-linked kinase activation.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Imperial College London
Thymosin β4 activated quiescent epicardial cells, promoting their migration into cardiac tissue where they facilitate coronary neovascularization and regeneration of functional myocardium.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Wayne State University / RegeneRx Biopharmaceuticals
RGN-259 (thymosin β4) showed significant reduction in discomfort scores and improvements in corneal staining in 72 subjects with dry eye disease.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Wayne State University
Thymosin β4 proved equal to or more effective than cyclosporine A, diquafosol, and lifitegrast in promoting mucin recovery, corneal integrity, and reducing inflammation.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: GHK Research / Skin Biology
Gene expression analysis showing GHK-Cu regulates 4,000+ human genes, upregulating regenerative genes while suppressing pro-aging genes including NF-κB and inflammatory mediators.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: GHK Research
Comprehensive review demonstrating GHK-Cu stimulates collagen and elastin synthesis, modulates metalloproteinase activity, promotes fibroblast function, and operates through multiple signaling mechanisms.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: GHK Research
GHK-Cu functions as copper complex enhancing wound healing and collagen synthesis through angiogenesis, antioxidant defense, and prevention of protein degradation, with age-related decline noted.
Compound: KPV
Inst: Emory University
KPV inhibits NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion through PepT1 transporter mechanism. Oral administration reduced DSS- and TNBS-induced colitis incidence.
Compound: KPV
Inst: University of Muenster, Germany
KPV demonstrated earlier recovery, stronger body weight regain, and significantly reduced inflammatory infiltrates in two IBD models, with effects partially independent of MC1R signaling.
Compound: KPV
Inst: Georgia State University
HA-KPV nanoparticles showed targeted delivery to colonic epithelial cells and macrophages, exerting combined effects against UC by accelerating mucosal healing and alleviating inflammation.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Cleveland Clinic (Multi-Center)
Landmark trial of 17,604 patients showed semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly reduced major adverse cardiovascular events by 20% in non-diabetic patients with obesity over 39.8 months.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Multi-Center International
104-week trial in 3,297 high-risk T2DM patients showed semaglutide reduced composite MACE by 26% versus placebo — establishing cardiovascular benefit for GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Multi-Center International
Demonstrated cardiovascular safety of oral semaglutide 14 mg daily versus placebo in 3,183 high-risk T2DM patients, with trend toward all-cause mortality reduction.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: University of Liverpool (Multi-Center)
68-week trial of 1,961 adults showed semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly achieved 14.9% mean body weight loss versus 2.4% with placebo, establishing landmark weight management efficacy.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Yale School of Medicine (Multi-Center)
72-week landmark trial of 2,539 patients showed tirzepatide achieved body weight reductions of 15.0–20.9% versus 3.1% placebo — establishing dual GIP/GLP-1 agonism superiority.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Multi-Center International
Head-to-head trial of 1,879 patients showed tirzepatide achieved superior HbA1c reduction and greater weight loss (5.5–7.3 kg) than semaglutide 1 mg.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: University of Pennsylvania (Multi-Center)
72-week trial showed tirzepatide achieved additional 18.4% weight loss beyond intensive lifestyle intervention, with 95% reaching ≥5% total weight loss.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Multi-Center (India, Japan, Mexico, USA)
40-week monotherapy trial showed tirzepatide produced superior HbA1c reduction of 1.9–2.5% and weight loss of 7.0–9.5 kg, with 92% achieving HbA1c <7%.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Yale School of Medicine (Multi-Center)
Landmark Phase 2 trial demonstrated retatrutide 12 mg achieved 24.2% mean weight loss after 48 weeks — significantly outperforming all existing single and dual agonist therapies.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Multi-Center (USA)
Phase 2 trial showed retatrutide achieved 16.9% weight loss with HbA1c improvements of 2.2%, with 82% of participants reaching HbA1c ≤6.5% after 36 weeks.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: University of California (Multi-Center)
Phase 2a trial demonstrated retatrutide 12 mg achieved 82.4% mean reduction in liver fat at 24 weeks, with 86% of participants normalizing liver fat levels below 5%.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Gladstone Institutes / UC San Francisco
Seminal review examining NAD+ as a central redox cofactor in 500+ enzymatic reactions, detailing how age-related NAD+ decline drives senescence, genomic instability, and metabolic dysfunction.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Medical University of Graz / Gustave Roussy Institute
NAD+ pools decline with aging, obesity, and hypertension. Experimental NAD+ elevation improves multiple cardiomyopathies and extends healthspan in preclinical models.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Haukeland University Hospital, Norway
High-dose nicotinamide riboside (3,000 mg daily) was safe and well-tolerated, producing up to 5-fold blood NAD+ increases with improvement in motor scores correlating with NAD+ response.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
NAD+ supplementation conferred robust neuroprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced cell death through enhanced DNA repair capacity and reduced cytotoxic DNA lesions.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: University of Southern California
MOTS-c enhanced physical performance across the lifespan; in aged mice (equivalent to 65+ years), it doubled running capacity by regulating nuclear gene expression in skeletal muscle.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: University of Southern California
Foundational study identifying MOTS-c as a novel mitochondrial-derived peptide that prevents age- and diet-induced insulin resistance through AMPK activation via folate cycle inhibition.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: University of Southern California
MOTS-c reduced senescence markers in aged pancreatic islets and improved glucose intolerance in diabetic mice. Circulating MOTS-c levels are lower in T2D patients versus healthy controls.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Multi-Center
250 diabetic patients receiving 500 mg GSH daily for 6 months showed significant increases in blood GSH, reduced oxidative damage markers, and improved HbA1c in patients over 55.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Multi-Center (India)
Five RCTs on oral glutathione (250–500 mg daily) showed significant melanin index reduction versus placebo. Combined topical and oral therapy was superior to monotherapy.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Penn State University
Liposomal GSH (500–1000 mg daily) elevated GSH levels 40% in whole blood and 100% in immune cells after 2 weeks, supporting effectiveness in elevating GSH stores and improving immune markers.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology
Epitalon induced telomerase activity and extended telomere length across multiple human cell lines, with cells exceeding the Hayflick limit by approximately 10 passages. Animal studies showed 12–13% lifespan increase.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: Multi-Institutional
Comprehensive review detailing 25 years of epitalon research including telomerase activation mechanisms, methylated DNA binding, histone H1 interaction, and epigenetic regulation of gene expression.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology
Epitalon stimulated gene expression and protein synthesis during neurogenesis through epigenetic mechanisms involving methylated DNA binding and histone protein interactions.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst: University of Arizona
Double-blind crossover study in 20 men found MT-II induced erection in 17/20 subjects without sexual stimulation, with 68% reporting increased sexual desire versus 19% on placebo.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst: Menzies Research Institute, Australia
77 Caucasian participants showed significant melanin density increase (p<0.001) versus placebo. Greater effect observed in subjects with MC1R variant alleles compared to wild-type.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst: Multi-Institutional European Collaboration
Comprehensive 2025 review examining melanogenesis mechanisms, safety profile, and clinical utility of melanocortin receptor activation in dermatological research applications.
Compound: Ipamorelin
Inst: Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark
Foundational paper establishing ipamorelin as a selective GHS-R1a agonist. Unlike GHRP-2 and GHRP-6, ipamorelin does not stimulate ACTH or cortisol, making it uniquely selective.
Compound: Ipamorelin
Inst: Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark
Dose-escalation trial demonstrated ipamorelin produces a GH release episode peaking at 0.67 hours with terminal half-life of 2 hours across five dose levels in healthy male volunteers.
Compound: Ipamorelin
Inst: Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark
Ipamorelin dose-dependently increased longitudinal bone growth rate from 42 to 52 µm/day with pronounced dose-dependent effects on body weight gain in adult female rats.
Compound: CJC-1295
Inst: Multi-Center
Single injection of CJC-1295 produced dose-dependent GH increases of 2–10 fold sustained for 6+ days and IGF-I elevations of 1.5–3 fold for 9–11 days, with half-life of 5.8–8.1 days.
Compound: CJC-1295
Inst: Multi-Center
CJC-1295 increased trough and mean GH secretion and IGF-I production while preserving physiological GH pulsatility — distinguishing it from continuous GH replacement.
Compound: CJC-1295
Inst: Multi-Center
Proteomic analysis of sera from 11 healthy men demonstrated significant protein profile changes reflecting GH/IGF-1 axis activation one week after CJC-1295 injection.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: Multi-Center
5-month trial demonstrated significant increases in skin thickness and lean body mass in males receiving nightly subcutaneous sermorelin injections with improved wellbeing markers.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: University of South Florida
Comprehensive analysis proposing sermorelin as preferable to recombinant GH for growth hormone replacement, highlighting its advantage of maintaining physiological GH pulsatility.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: Multi-Institutional
Review documenting GHS effects on lean mass, adiposity reduction, and potential adjunctive therapy for hypogonadism with comparable fat loss to recombinant GH therapy.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: McGill University (Multi-Center)
412 HIV patients receiving tesamorelin 2 mg daily showed selective 18% visceral fat reduction with improved body image over 26 weeks in this landmark NEJM trial.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: Massachusetts General Hospital (Multi-Center)
Tesamorelin-treated group showed VAT decrease of 27.8 cm² versus 5.1 cm² increase in placebo, with triglyceride reductions of 50 mg/dL and modest hepatic fat improvements.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: Massachusetts General Hospital (Multi-Center)
61 HIV patients with NAFLD showed absolute hepatic fat reduction of 4.1% (37% relative) versus placebo over 12 months, with evidence of reduced fibrosis progression.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: University of Zagreb
Comprehensive review of BPC 157 clinical development for inflammatory bowel disease including ulcerative colitis trials, demonstrating mucosal healing and anti-inflammatory effects across multiple organ systems.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Chang Gung University, Taiwan
BPC 157 upregulated growth hormone receptor expression and activated the JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway in cultured tendon fibroblasts, elucidating a molecular mechanism for its tissue-repair effects.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: University of Zagreb
Review of BPC 157 effects on the brain-gut axis demonstrating neuroprotective, anxiolytic, and antidepressant-like activity alongside gastrointestinal healing through dopaminergic, serotonergic, and GABAergic modulation.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: University of Zagreb
BPC 157 rapidly corrects disturbed endothelial function, promotes angiogenesis through VEGF upregulation, and rescues ischemic/reperfusion injuries in multiple vascular beds across experimental models.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: University of Zagreb
BPC 157 administered systemically after spinal cord compression injuries resulted in significantly improved motor function recovery and reduced lesion size compared to saline controls.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: George Washington University
Comprehensive review spanning three decades of Tβ4 research documenting its roles in wound healing, anti-inflammation, angiogenesis, and cardiac repair with a focus on translational clinical applications.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: NIH / National Cancer Institute
Topical and systemic Tβ4 application accelerated dermal wound healing in aged mice, with enhanced angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and keratinocyte migration compared to controls.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: University of Cagliari
Tβ4 acts as an endogenous iron chelator that protects cells from ferroptotic death through iron sequestration, providing a novel mechanism for its broad cytoprotective effects.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Taipei Veterans General Hospital
Tβ4 pretreatment significantly attenuated H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species production, reduced apoptosis markers, and suppressed autophagy in human corneal epithelial cells.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: RegeneRx Biopharmaceuticals
Review of preclinical cardiac studies demonstrating Tβ4 reduces scar formation, stimulates epicardial cell migration, and improves left ventricular function after myocardial infarction.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Multi-Center International
In 3,297 patients with T2D, semaglutide reduced major adverse cardiovascular events by 26% versus placebo over 2.1 years (HR 0.74), driven by 39% stroke reduction and 26% nonfatal MI reduction.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: University of Alabama at Birmingham (Multi-Center)
Participants receiving semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly maintained 15.2% body weight loss at 104 weeks, with significant improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors including waist circumference and HbA1c.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Cleveland Clinic (Multi-Center)
Landmark trial in 17,604 overweight/obese patients without diabetes demonstrated semaglutide reduced major adverse cardiovascular events by 20% over a mean 39.8 months follow-up.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: University of Pennsylvania (Multi-Center)
Combined with intensive behavioral therapy, semaglutide 2.4 mg produced 16.0% mean body weight loss at 68 weeks, with 75.3% of participants achieving ≥10% weight loss.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute (Multi-Center)
In 529 patients with HFpEF and obesity, semaglutide improved Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores by 7.8 points, reduced body weight by 13.3%, and improved 6-minute walk distance.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Washington Center for Weight Management (Multi-Center)
After 20-week run-in, continued semaglutide produced additional 7.9% weight loss at week 68, while those switched to placebo regained 6.9%, demonstrating the importance of treatment continuation.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: National Research Institute (Multi-Center)
Head-to-head comparison showed tirzepatide 15 mg reduced HbA1c by 2.46% vs semaglutide 1 mg 1.86%, with body weight reductions of 12.4 kg vs 6.2 kg at 40 weeks in 1,879 T2D patients.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Yale School of Medicine (Multi-Center)
In 2,539 adults with BMI ≥30, tirzepatide 15 mg produced 22.5% mean body weight loss at 72 weeks — the largest weight reduction ever achieved with a pharmaceutical agent at the time.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Dallas Diabetes Research Center (Multi-Center)
Tirzepatide as add-on to basal insulin reduced HbA1c by 2.1% with body weight loss of 12.3 kg versus HbA1c 1.1% reduction and 3.2 kg weight gain with insulin lispro over 52 weeks.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: UC San Diego (Multi-Center)
Tirzepatide reduced apnea-hypopnea index by approximately 50% (up to 30 events/hour reduction) in patients with moderate-to-severe OSA, with mean weight loss of 18-20% at 52 weeks.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: University of Pisa (Multi-Center)
In 2,002 T2D patients with high CV risk, tirzepatide achieved 2.24% HbA1c reduction and 11.7 kg weight loss at 52 weeks versus insulin glargine, with lower hypoglycemia rates.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Eli Lilly Research Laboratories
Tirzepatide enhanced thermogenic gene expression in both brown and white adipose tissue, increased energy expenditure, and shifted amino acid metabolism toward fat oxidation pathways in preclinical models.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: University of Colorado Boulder
First-in-human crossover study demonstrated that 6-week NR supplementation raised whole-blood NAD+ by 60%, was well-tolerated, and showed trends toward reduced arterial stiffness and lowered systolic blood pressure.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: University of New South Wales
NAD+ precursor treatment in aged mice restored oocyte quality, improved ovulation rates, and rescued fertility to levels comparable to young controls — implicating NAD+ decline in age-related infertility.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Buck Institute for Research on Aging
Authoritative review mapping the full landscape of NAD+ biosynthesis, consumption, and decline with aging, covering sirtuins, PARPs, CD38, and therapeutic strategies for NAD+ repletion.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Harvard Medical School
Seminal study demonstrating that NAD+ decline with age disrupts the SIRT1/HIF-1α axis creating pseudohypoxia; NMN supplementation in aged mice restored mitochondrial function to youthful levels within one week.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Keio University School of Medicine
First clinical safety/tolerability study of oral NMN in 10 healthy men: single doses up to 500 mg were safe and well-tolerated, with dose-dependent rises in plasma NMN and NAD+ metabolites.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Skin Biology (Research Foundation)
GHK-Cu modulates expression of 4,000+ human genes, resetting gene expression patterns of damaged tissues toward health — affecting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, stem cell, and DNA repair pathways.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Skin Biology (Research Foundation)
GHK-Cu levels decline from 200 ng/mL at age 20 to 80 ng/mL by age 60. This decline correlates with increased oxidative damage, and exogenous GHK-Cu supplementation reverses multiple age-related biomarkers.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences
GHK-Cu-loaded wound dressings accelerated full-thickness wound closure in rats by 40% vs controls, with enhanced collagen synthesis, angiogenesis, and earlier expression of wound-healing cytokines.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: University of California, San Francisco
Clinical data summary showing GHK-Cu topical application increased skin collagen by 70%, improved skin density by 29%, reduced fine lines by 36%, and improved elasticity by 56% across controlled trials.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Skin Biology (Research Foundation)
Connectivity Map analysis revealed GHK-Cu upregulates 59 TGF-β superfamily genes, activates collagen remodeling, increases antioxidant and DNA-repair gene expression, and suppresses metastasis-promoting genes.
Compound: KPV
Inst: INSERM, Université Montpellier
KPV-loaded nanoparticles delivered orally showed significant anti-inflammatory efficacy in DSS-induced colitis models, reducing TNF-α and IL-6 while maintaining mucosal integrity, rivaling corticosteroid effects.
Compound: KPV
Inst: University of Texas Medical Branch
KPV (C-terminal tripeptide of α-MSH) inhibited NF-κB translocation and downstream pro-inflammatory gene expression through a melanocortin receptor-independent mechanism, demonstrating direct intracellular anti-inflammatory action.
Compound: KPV
Inst: University of Münster
Systemic KPV administration reduced disease activity index, prevented colonic shortening, and preserved mucosal architecture in acute colitis models through MC1R-mediated and NF-κB-independent pathways.
Compound: KPV
Inst: University of Münster
Review establishing that KPV retains the full anti-inflammatory potency of the larger α-MSH molecule and can penetrate cell membranes to inhibit NF-κB activation independently of melanocortin receptors.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Dallas Diabetes Research Center (Multi-Center)
281 T2D patients receiving retatrutide at highest dose achieved HbA1c reduction of 2.02% vs 0.01% placebo, with 100% of patients reaching target HbA1c <7% at 24 weeks.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Yale School of Medicine (Multi-Center)
Phase 2 trial in 338 adults with obesity showed retatrutide 12 mg produced 24.2% body weight loss at 48 weeks — the highest reported for any anti-obesity pharmacotherapy — with manageable GI side effects.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Eli Lilly Research Laboratories
Preclinical characterization of LY3437943 (retatrutide) showing tri-agonism at GIP/GLP-1/glucagon receptors produced superior weight loss, improved hepatic steatosis, and enhanced energy expenditure versus dual agonists.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Virginia Commonwealth University (Multi-Center)
Phase 2 sub-study showed retatrutide eliminated liver fat (≤5%) in over 85% of patients with MASLD at 48 weeks, with mean liver fat reduction of ~80% from baseline at the 12 mg dose.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: University of Southern California
MOTS-c levels increase with exercise, and exogenous MOTS-c administration in aged mice improved physical capacity, grip strength, gait, and thermogenesis to levels approximating young controls.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: Fourth Military Medical University, China
MOTS-c treatment prevented ovariectomy-induced obesity and insulin resistance by promoting brown adipose tissue activation, improving glucose tolerance, and reducing visceral fat accumulation.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: University of Southern California
MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus under metabolic stress to directly regulate ARE-containing genes via AMPK-dependent chromatin remodeling — establishing a novel mito-nuclear communication pathway.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Centenarian populations show higher circulating MOTS-c levels; specific MOTS-c polymorphism (m.1382A>C) is enriched in Japanese centenarians and associated with enhanced exercise tolerance.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Penn State University
6-month RCT in 54 adults demonstrated oral glutathione (250 and 1000 mg/day) significantly increased blood GSH levels, reduced oxidative stress biomarkers, and enhanced natural killer cell cytotoxicity.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
Comprehensive review establishing that intracellular glutathione levels are a critical determinant of lymphocyte proliferation and T-cell activation, with systemic GSH depletion linked to immunodeficiency.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Baylor College of Medicine
GlyNAC supplementation in older adults corrected glutathione deficiency within 2 weeks, improved mitochondrial function, lowered oxidative stress, and reduced inflammation and insulin resistance over 24 weeks.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Osaka University
Adipose tissue oxidative stress increases with fat accumulation and directly depletes systemic glutathione. This establishes the GSH-metabolic syndrome link and the rationale for glutathione augmentation in obesity.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology
Epithalon and related peptide bioregulators activated specific gene expression in aging human bronchial epithelial cells, restoring signal transduction and proliferative capacity to levels seen in younger cells.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology
Epitalon and short peptides interact directly with DNA through complementary nucleotide binding, modulating chromatin structure and gene expression — providing an epigenetic mechanism for peptide bioregulation.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology
Epithalamin treatment begun in old age increased mean lifespan of female SHR mice by 12.3%, reduced spontaneous tumour incidence, and inhibited tumour growth rate — extending maximum lifespan.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology
Chronic epitalon administration from 6 months of age increased mean lifespan by 12.5% in male Wistar rats, reduced chromosome aberrations, and restored evening melatonin production to youthful levels.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst: Palatin Technologies / Multi-Center
RCT in 18 premenopausal women with female sexual arousal disorder demonstrated Melanotan II significantly increased genital arousal, sexual desire, and sexual satisfaction versus placebo.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst: University of Arizona
Original characterization of Melanotan II demonstrating 100-1000x greater melanotropic potency than native α-MSH, prolonged biological activity, and high resistance to enzymatic degradation.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst: University of Arizona
Subcutaneous Melanotan II produced clinically meaningful erectile responses in 17 of 20 men with psychogenic ED, with a dose-dependent increase in penile rigidity across multiple monitoring parameters.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst: University of Sydney
Ten-day Melanotan II administration in 65 participants showed melanin density increases even in fair-skinned MC1R variant carriers; subcutaneous delivery produced dose-dependent tanning with photoprotective potential.
Compound: Ipamorelin
Inst: Novo Nordisk Research Laboratories
Ipamorelin demonstrated potent, dose-dependent GH release without affecting ACTH, cortisol, prolactin, FSH, LH, or TSH — establishing it as the most selective growth hormone secretagogue known.
Compound: Ipamorelin
Inst: Sahlgrenska University Hospital
Ipamorelin prevented dexamethasone-induced bone loss in adult rats, maintaining bone formation markers and trabecular bone mineral density through sustained GH/IGF-I axis stimulation.
Compound: Ipamorelin
Inst: Oklahoma City VA / University of Oklahoma
Phase II trial in patients after abdominal surgery demonstrated ipamorelin significantly accelerated time to first bowel movement and hospital discharge, acting through ghrelin receptor-mediated prokinetic effects.
Compound: Ipamorelin
Inst: Novo Nordisk Research Laboratories
Confirmatory study showing ipamorelin releases GH with potency comparable to GHRP-6 but without GHRP-6 side effects — no cortisol release, no prolactin elevation, and no change in aldosterone levels at any dose.
Compound: CJC-1295
Inst: University of Illinois at Chicago
CJC-1295 administered to GH-deficient adults restored age-appropriate GH and IGF-I levels with once-weekly dosing, demonstrating the feasibility of long-acting GHRH analog therapy for GH insufficiency.
Compound: CJC-1295
Inst: Mayo Clinic
Co-administration of a GHRH analog with a GHRP achieved synergistic GH release 2-3x greater than either agent alone, with preserved pulsatile GH secretion patterns and no tachyphylaxis over repeat dosing.
Compound: CJC-1295
Inst: University of Virginia
Review covering CJC-1295 pharmacokinetics demonstrating 8-day half-life through albumin binding, sustained IGF-I elevation for 9-11 days, and potential for weekly or biweekly dosing in clinical use.
Compound: CJC-1295
Inst: University of Chicago
Foundational study linking GHRH-axis decline with age-dependent loss of slow-wave sleep and nocturnal GH secretion; GHRH analog supplementation (such as CJC-1295) may restore both sleep architecture and GH output.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: Multi-Center
Two-year open-label study in GH-deficient children demonstrated sermorelin maintained sustained increases in growth velocity, height SDS, and IGF-I without clinically significant adverse events or antibody development.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: Massachusetts General Hospital
GHRH analog therapy reduced trunk fat by 6.2%, increased lean body mass by 1.3 kg, and improved lipid profiles in HIV patients with lipodystrophy over 12 weeks versus placebo.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: Salk Institute
Comprehensive mapping of GHRH neuronal circuits in the hypothalamus explaining why GHRH analogs like sermorelin preserve physiological pulsatility while exogenous GH replacement suppresses it.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: Johns Hopkins University
Thirty-month subcutaneous GHRH administration in healthy elderly men restored IGF-I to young-adult levels, increased lean body mass, and improved nitrogen balance without significant adverse effects.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: Massachusetts General Hospital
Tesamorelin treatment for 12 months reduced carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in HIV patients, suggesting cardiovascular protective effects beyond its established visceral fat reduction benefits.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: University of Washington
Twenty-week GHRH (tesamorelin) treatment improved cognitive function, executive function, and verbal memory in both MCI patients and healthy older adults, with enhanced insulin sensitivity and favorable body composition changes.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: Massachusetts General Hospital (Multi-Center)
Post-hoc analysis of 585 HIV patients showed tesamorelin not only reduced existing liver fat but prevented new-onset hepatic steatosis, with number needed to treat of 7 over 12 months.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: McGill University (Multi-Center)
Extended 52-week tesamorelin treatment maintained visceral fat reduction (−18.4%), did not worsen glucose tolerance, preserved lean mass, and showed a well-tolerated safety profile with no clinically relevant injection-site reactions.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: Massachusetts General Hospital
Tesamorelin demonstrated reductions in histological markers of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis alongside fat reduction, supporting its potential role in NAFLD/NASH management beyond HIV populations.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Multi-Institutional (USA)
Comprehensive assessment of BPC-157 molecular mechanisms and regenerative potential across 36+ preclinical models, covering angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory pathways, and growth hormone receptor upregulation in musculoskeletal contexts.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Multi-Institutional (Europe)
Systematic review of BPC-157 pleiotropic effects across tissue injury, IBD, and CNS disorders covering molecular mechanisms, patent landscape, and clinical development status through 2024.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Wayne State University / Kresge Eye Institute
Topical Tβ4 as adjunct to ciprofloxacin reduced inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, MIP-2, MMP-9) while enhancing bacterial clearance in P. aeruginosa keratitis models, demonstrating synergistic anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial potential.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Wayne State University / NIH
Mechanistic review of Tβ4 multi-pathway repair activity including cell migration via laminin-332 synthesis, anti-inflammation through NF-κB suppression, and anti-apoptosis in corneal, dermal, and cardiac tissues.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Jining Medical University / Shandong First Medical University
GHK-Cu demonstrated therapeutic potential in DSS-induced murine colitis through SIRT1/STAT3 pathway regulation, with reduced inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) and improved intestinal barrier integrity.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Bloomage Biotechnology / Zhejiang Peptites Biotech
Combination of GHK-Cu with hyaluronic acid produced a 25.4-fold increase in collagen IV synthesis in fibroblast assays and 2.03-fold in ex-vivo human skin models, demonstrating significant synergistic dermal regeneration.
Compound: KPV
Inst: Multi-Institutional (South Korea)
KPV (50 μg/mL) restored cell viability in PM10-exposed keratinocytes by inhibiting ROS production, reducing caspase-3 cleavage and apoptosis markers, and suppressing NF-κB/MAPK inflammatory cascades.
Compound: KPV
Inst: Multi-Institutional (China)
Co-assembly nanoparticles of KPV and FK506 achieved superior reduction of CD68+ macrophage and CD3+ T-cell infiltration versus KPV alone, with restoration of tight junction proteins in acute and chronic colitis models.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: University of Chieti-Pescara / St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology
Epitalon restored wound healing capacity in high-glucose-injured retinal pigment epithelial cells by reducing ROS, inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and reversing fibrosis-related gene upregulation.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: Multi-Institutional (China)
MOTS-c reduces ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by competing with deubiquitinase USP7 for LARS1 binding, inducing proteasomal degradation and downstream apoptosis signaling.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: Multi-Institutional
Meta-analysis of circulating MOTS-c levels across metabolic conditions showing significantly lower MOTS-c in T2DM and obesity, with protective associations against insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome markers.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Multi-Institutional
Comprehensive review mapping glutathione depletion mechanisms in T2DM — covering NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammatory cascades, mitochondrial dysfunction, and therapeutic potential of GSH supplementation and precursor compounds (NAC, GlyNAC).
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Multi-Center International
Landmark trial in 3,533 T2DM patients with CKD: semaglutide 1 mg weekly reduced major kidney events by 24%, slowed eGFR decline by 1.16 mL/min/1.73m² annually, lowered cardiovascular events by 18%, and reduced all-cause mortality by 20%.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Multi-Center International (253 sites, 37 countries)
1,197-patient Phase 3 trial: semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly achieved MASH resolution in 62.9% vs 34.3% placebo (P<0.001) and fibrosis improvement in 36.8% vs 22.4% (P<0.001) at 72 weeks — establishing efficacy in liver disease.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Multi-Center (50 sites, 9 countries)
Phase 3 trial demonstrating oral semaglutide 50 mg once daily achieved 15.1% mean body weight loss at 68 weeks vs 2.4% placebo, with 85% reaching ≥5% weight reduction — matching injectable efficacy in an oral formulation.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Multi-Center International
731-patient RCT: tirzepatide reduced death from cardiovascular causes or worsening heart failure by 38% (HR 0.62, P=0.026), improved KCCQ scores by 6.9 points, and reduced body weight by ~15% — first GLP-1-class agent to show HFpEF outcomes benefit.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Multi-Center International
First trial specifically targeting weight reduction in T2DM: tirzepatide 15 mg achieved 15.7% mean body weight loss vs 3.3% placebo at 72 weeks, with 79-83% of participants reaching ≥5% weight loss and significant HbA1c improvements.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Multi-Center International
First head-to-head comparison in obesity without diabetes: tirzepatide achieved 20.2% weight loss vs semaglutide 13.7% at 72 weeks (P<0.001), with superior waist circumference reduction — establishing tirzepatide superiority.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Multi-Center International
Design paper for the TRIUMPH Phase 3 program enrolling 5,800+ participants across seven trials. Early TRIUMPH-4 topline results showed 28.7% body weight loss and 75% reduction in knee OA pain scores at 68 weeks.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Multi-Institutional
Meta-analysis of 3 RCTs (878 patients) showed retatrutide significantly reduced body weight by 14.33%, BMI by 5.38 kg/m², waist circumference by 10.51 cm, and fasting plasma glucose by 23.51 mg/dL vs placebo.
Compound: Ipamorelin
Inst: Ochsner Clinic Foundation / University of Queensland (Multi-Center)
Multicenter Phase 2 RCT (n=117) evaluating IV ipamorelin 0.03 mg/kg twice daily for postoperative ileus after bowel resection. Ipamorelin was well tolerated with a safety profile comparable to placebo.
Compound: CJC-1295
Inst: Johns Hopkins University / NICHD
Once-daily CJC-1295 in GHRH knockout mice normalized body weight, linear growth, and somatotroph proliferation with increased pituitary GH mRNA — demonstrating that long-acting GHRH analogs can fully rescue GH-axis deficiency.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: Multi-Institutional
Modern systematic review of GH secretagogues including sermorelin, confirming rapid GH-releasing properties, 11-12 minute half-life, clinical efficacy in GH deficiency diagnosis, and emerging applications in muscle wasting.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: UCSD / Multi-Center
Phase 2 RCT (n=73) of tesamorelin 2 mg daily in virally suppressed HIV patients showed significant waist circumference reduction and trends toward improved neurocognitive performance at 6 months, expanding tesamorelin evidence beyond body composition.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst: Multi-Institutional
Qualitative analysis of melanotan II user experiences across online forums, documenting motivations (UV-free tanning, photoprotection), self-reported efficacy, and adverse event profiles including nausea, facial flushing, and mole darkening.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: University of Zagreb School of Medicine
Comprehensive review of BPC-157's diverse biological activities and emerging therapeutic applications across multiple organ systems.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: University of Zagreb
Evidence that BPC-157 restores bidirectional brain-gut communication and intestinal barrier integrity in neuroinflammatory conditions.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: University of Zagreb
BPC-157 significantly mitigates ischemia-reperfusion-induced systemic inflammation and organ damage in distant sites.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: American College of Gastroenterology
Clinical evidence suggesting BPC-157 as an oral therapeutic adjunct improving IBD outcomes when combined with standard treatments.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Medical University of Silesia
Integration of mechanisms linking BPC-157 cytoprotective effects to neuroregeneration through the gut-brain axis.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: University of Zagreb School of Medicine
Theoretical framework proposing BPC-157 as a potential treatment for COVID-19 based on its anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective mechanisms.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Ankara University
BPC-157 demonstrates analgesic and neuroprotective effects in experimental chronic constriction injury models through nerve regeneration.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: University of South Florida
Seminal study demonstrating thymosin β4's acceleration of wound healing through enhanced angiogenesis and re-epithelialization.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: National Institute of Standards and Technology
Thymosin β4 promotes multiple aspects of tissue regeneration including vascular formation, wound closure, and follicle morphogenesis.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Schepens Eye Research Institute
Thymosin β4 suppresses inflammatory mediators in corneal epithelial cells, reducing ulceration and promoting healing.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Massachusetts Eye and Ear
Thymosin β4 combined with antibiotics accelerates healing in bacterial keratitis by modulating inflammation and tissue regeneration.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Keio University
Thymosin β4 enhances neural stem cell survival and differentiation in spinal cord injury models, promoting functional recovery.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Université Paris-Saclay
Demonstrates the mechanism by which thymosin β4 regulates actin dynamics in immune cells, modulating inflammatory responses.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Regenecare Research
Comprehensive review of copper peptide mechanisms in wound healing, collagen synthesis, and skin barrier restoration.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Nanjing University
Novel GHK-Cu nanoparticle formulation demonstrates superior wound-healing capacity combined with photothermal therapeutic effects.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Seoul National University
GHK-Cu-containing hydrogel exhibits antimicrobial and regenerative properties for treating infected wounds with self-healing capacity.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Indian Institute of Technology
GHK-Cu-silver nanoparticle formulations demonstrate synergistic antibacterial and wound-healing effects against multi-drug resistant pathogens.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Regenecare Research
GHK peptide promotes collagen remodeling, inhibits inflammatory pathways, and restores skin elasticity through multiple anti-aging mechanisms.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Regenecare Research
Copper peptides exhibit dual capacity for skin regeneration and potential anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells.
Compound: KPV
Inst: MIT
Novel ROS-responsive delivery system enables KPV oral bioavailability, releasing peptide specifically in inflamed intestinal tissue.
Compound: KPV
Inst: University of Strasbourg
Colon-targeted KPV nanoparticles show superior therapeutic effects in colitis models compared to systemic delivery.
Compound: KPV
Inst: Manipal Institute of Technology
Chitosan-alginate formulation enhances KPV stability and intestinal absorption while reducing systemic exposure.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: Petrov National Research Institute of Oncology
Epithalon directly activates telomerase and extends telomere length in human somatic cells, suggesting cellular longevity effects.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: Petrov National Research Institute of Oncology
Confirmation that epithalon activates telomerase activity and promotes telomere elongation, extending cellular lifespan.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: Petrov National Research Institute of Oncology
Epithalon extends lifespan in Drosophila through telomerase activation and enhanced cellular stress resistance mechanisms.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation
Epithalon stimulates hepatocyte proliferation and regeneration through telomere-dependent and telomerase-independent mechanisms.
Compound: CJC-1295
Inst: University of Virginia
CJC-1295 demonstrates potent GH secretion stimulation with a single dose, increasing GH pulse amplitude significantly in healthy adults.
Compound: Ipamorelin
Inst: Aarhus University Hospital
Comparative study demonstrating ipamorelin's selective and potent GH secretagogue properties with favorable safety profile.
Compound: Ipamorelin
Inst: UCLA
Ipamorelin demonstrates safety and efficacy in accelerating postoperative ileus recovery through GH-mediated prokinetic mechanisms.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: Medical College of Wisconsin
Long-term sermorelin therapy shows sustained effects on lean body mass and bone density in age-related GH deficiency.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: University of Virginia
Sermorelin maintains GH stimulation without tachyphylaxis, preserving physiologic GH pulsatility in aging adults.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: University of Washington
Tesamorelin-induced GH increases modulate GABAergic neurotransmission, improving cognitive outcomes in mild cognitive impairment.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: Maple Leaf Medical Clinic
Tesamorelin significantly reduces visceral adiposity and improves atherogenic dyslipidemia in HIV-associated lipodystrophy.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Johns Hopkins University
Semaglutide demonstrates significant renoprotective effects in patients with obesity and cardiovascular disease, reducing kidney disease progression.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Brigham and Women's Hospital
Semaglutide reduces heart failure hospitalization and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: University of Melbourne
Semaglutide's cardiovascular benefits are sustained across all stages of chronic kidney disease severity in diabetic patients.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: University of Padua
Semaglutide use is associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in type 2 diabetes patients.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Inova Fairfax Hospital
Semaglutide achieves MASH resolution in a significant proportion of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Baylor University
Semaglutide addresses multiple components of cardiometabolic-kidney syndrome through weight loss and organ-protective mechanisms.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Cleveland Clinic
Tirzepatide demonstrates superior efficacy in resolving MASH with concurrent regression of hepatic fibrosis in the SYNERGY-NASH trial.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute
Tirzepatide reduces heart failure hospitalizations and improves cardiac function through weight reduction and cardioprotective mechanisms.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: University of Washington
Tirzepatide demonstrates superior cardiovascular risk reduction compared to dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Johns Hopkins University
Tirzepatide significantly reduces left ventricular mass and epicardial adipose tissue in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Novo Nordisk A/S
Comprehensive review of tirzepatide's dual GIP/GLP-1 agonism mechanism and superior weight loss efficacy in obesity management.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology
In-depth analysis of tirzepatide's metabolic effects on insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and cardiorenal protection.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: University of North Carolina
Systematic review confirms retatrutide's superior weight loss efficacy and favorable safety profile compared to dual agonists.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Eli Lilly and Company
Retatrutide demonstrates unprecedented weight loss and concurrent improvements in osteoarthritis pain scores in TRIUMPH-4 trial.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Texas Diabetes Institute
Analysis of retatrutide's triple GLP-1/GIP/GCG receptor agonism mechanism and superiority to dual agonists in metabolic disorders.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Stanford University
NAD+ supplementation reverses Alzheimer's neurological deficits through splicing factor correction and neuronal stress response activation.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: University of Chicago
Nicotinamide riboside raises NAD+ levels and improves cognitive function and recovery in long-COVID patients.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Harvard Medical School
Clinical and translational evidence supporting NAD+ precursors as anti-aging interventions targeting fundamental aging mechanisms.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: University Medical Center Utrecht
NAD+ supplementation shows promise in progeroid syndromes and accelerated aging disorders through DNA repair enhancement.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Zhejiang University
Comprehensive review of NAD+ precursors (NR, NMN) showing metabolic benefits through sirtuin activation and mitochondrial optimization.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: University of Colorado
Systems-level approach combining multiple NAD+ pathway interventions shows synergistic effects on aging markers in humans.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology
Comprehensive review of MOTS-c function in metabolic homeostasis, stress resistance, and aging phenotype reversal.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: Buck Institute for Research on Aging
Analysis of MOTS-c therapeutic potential in metabolic disorders, aging, and age-related diseases.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: Seoul University
MOTS-c regulates glucose metabolism and prevents age-related metabolic dysfunction through AMPK signaling.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: Stanford University School of Medicine
Discovery of MOTS-c direct binding to casein kinase 2 alpha, revealing molecular mechanism of metabolic protection.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Osaka University
Review of glutathione supplementation efficacy and safety profile in melanogenesis inhibition and skin depigmentation.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: University of Delhi
Novel glutathione analogues and delivery systems overcome poor oral bioavailability to enhance systemic antioxidant status.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Indian Institute of Medical Sciences
Glutathione depletion drives oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways in diabetes; supplementation offers potential therapeutic benefit.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: University of Cape Town
Glutathione supplementation improves immune function and reduces opportunistic infections in HIV and HIV-TB patients.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst: University of Murcia
Comprehensive review of MC1R agonism benefits for pigmentation and sexual function, with assessment of long-term safety.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst: University of Crete
Analytical characterization of melanotan II structure and metabolites using advanced liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst: University of Saarland
Melanotan II directly activates melanocortin-1 receptors to induce melanogenesis without requiring UV stimulation.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: University of Zagreb
BPC-157 significantly accelerated corneal re-epithelialization and reduced scarring in a rat alkali-burn model, demonstrating ophthalmic regenerative potential.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: RegeneRx Biopharmaceuticals
Phase II trial (n=73) found 0.03% topical thymosin beta-4 accelerated venous stasis ulcer healing, with 25% of treated patients achieving full closure within 3 months.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Multi-Institutional
Comprehensive review examining semaglutide's expanding therapeutic landscape beyond diabetes, including cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, and neurological applications.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Baylor University Medical Center / Multi-Center
SUMMIT trajectory analysis revealed tirzepatide produced sustained, progressive improvements in heart failure symptoms, exercise capacity, and C-reactive protein over 52 weeks.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Eli Lilly and Company
Mechanistic review of how retatrutide's triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonism produces synergistic weight loss exceeding dual agonists through enhanced energy expenditure and appetite suppression.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Bastyr University
Pilot RCT demonstrating that oral glutathione supplementation at 500 mg twice daily elevated plasma GSH levels and reduced oxidative stress markers over four weeks in healthy adults.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
In this systematic review of treatments of females with sexual DAO dysfunctions without pain, we found that CBT improves DAO; flibanserin improves desire; and bremelanotide improves both desire and arousal; and all 3 treatments reduce distress.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy
The findings highlight both progress and persistent gaps in the pharmacological treatment landscape for HSDD. Variability in trial design, outcome measures, and reporting practices limits cross-trial comparison and clinical interpretation.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia
The AEs associated with bremelanotide are mostly mild to moderate. Although not deemed clinically important, bremelanotide should be used with caution in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease, and blood pressure should be well controlled during treatment.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: George Washington University and IntimMedicine® Specialists
Bremelanotide was associated with statistically significant improvements in sexual desire and reduced distress across several prespecified subgroups, with few exceptions.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: Department of Psychology, Metropolitan State University
Bremelanotide's modest benefits on incompletely reported post-hoc measures of questionable validity in combination with participants substantially preferring to take placebo suggest that the drug is generally not useful.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: ICON plc
Exit surveys and patient interviews support the primary findings from RECONNECT and provide quantitative and qualitative assessments of the impact of HSDD on patients' quality of life and the patients' perspectives on the impact of bremelanotide. Clinical trial numbers NCT02333071, NCT02338960.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: Thomas Jefferson University
Bremelanotide is a subcutaneous injection that can be administered as needed approximately 45 minutes prior to sexual activity. Bremelanotide is safe and has limited drug-drug interactions, including no clinically significant interactions with ethanol.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
Both studies demonstrated that bremelanotide significantly improved sexual desire and related distress in premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. The safety profile was favorable.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
Bremelanotide was safe and well tolerated and demonstrated significant improvement in efficacy vs placebo in the phase 2b trial. The multiple responder analyses offer a valuable approach for determining clinically important effects of bremelanotide for HSDD and FSAD.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
This meta-analysis of Level I evidence demonstrates that 67.7% of the treatment effect for female sexual dysfunction is accounted for by placebo.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: aCalhoun Cardiology Center
These data show that ambulatory monitoring was a useful methodology to detect small, transient increases in ambulatory BP accompanied by reductions in HR following bremelanotide.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia
Female sexual dysfunction is a multifactorial condition with anatomic, physiologic, medical, psychological, and social components.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: University of Virginia
In premenopausal women with female sexual dysfunctions, self-administered, as desired, subcutaneous BMT was safe, effective, and well tolerated (NCT01382719).
Compound: PT-141
Inst: Urology and Nephrology Research Center
Bremelanotide can be an alternative treatment for erectile dysfunction with a potentially broad patient base. Further studies with different dosages and treatment regimens are necessary to draw final conclusions on the efficacy of this drug in erectile dysfunction.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: Palatin Technologies
This preliminary evaluation suggests the potential for bremelanotide to positively affect desire and arousal in women with female sexual arousal disorder and indicates that bremelanotide is a promising candidate for further evaluation in an at-home study.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: Palatin Technologies
Co-administration of intranasal PT-141 and a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor may constitute a treatment alternative for patients in whom higher doses of a single therapy are not effective or well tolerated.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
The erectogenic potential of PT-141, its tolerability profile and its ability to cause significant erections in patients who do not have an adequate response to a PDE5 inhibitor suggest that PT-141 may provide an alternative treatment for ED with a potentially broad patient base.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: Palatin Technologies
PT-141 was safely administered and well tolerated in both studies. Flushing and nausea were the most common adverse events reported in both studies and no clinically significant changes in vital signs, laboratory tests, ECGs, or physical exams were observed.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: Palatin Technologies
Systemic administration of PT-141 to rats activates neurons in the hypothalamus as shown by an increase in c-Fos immunoreactivity. Administration of PT-141 to normal men and to patients with erectile dysfunction resulted in a rapid dose-dependent increase in erectile activity.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: Faculty of Health Sciences
There is consensus among guidelines on certain sexual health recommendations, with some variation. Additional research is needed on pharmacological interventions and types of counselling to strengthen their evidence.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: College of Medicine
Therapeutic peptides offer mechanistically diverse approaches to multiple aging hallmarks. While FDA-approved agents demonstrate clinical potential, investigational peptides require rigorous validation through well-designed clinical trials to establish safety and efficacy for healthspan extension.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: IntimMedicine Specialists
Although this paper explores only a biopsychosocial explanation for the phenomenon of mercy sex in clinical trials of HSDD therapies, it provides a valuable understanding that will benefit patients, clinicians, and researchers.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: Faculty of Pharmacy
Their resistance to proteolytic degradation, enhanced conformational rigidity, and reduced immunogenicity make them especially valuable in designing long-acting and receptor-selective therapeutics.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Sexual dysfunction following breast and gynecologic cancer requires individualized, multimodal management.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: University of Virginia School of Medicine
Detailed study outcomes, safety profiles, and clinical strategies guide clinicians in appropriate diagnosis, patient selection, expectation setting, side effect management, and patient education, improving treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction.
Compound: PT-141
Inst: Miller School of Medicine
Although evidence suggests potential benefits, large-scale clinical trials are needed to establish safety profiles, optimal dosing regimens, and possible synergistic effects with existing ED treatments.
Compound: Selank
Inst: Russian Peoples Friendship University
The results extend therapeutic possibilities of treatment of anxietyspectrum disorders with the combination of benzodiazepine tranquilizers and selank.
Compound: Selank
Inst: Science Research Institute of Pharmacology
The effect progressively increased on repeated administration of Selank: the total number of correct solutions increased and the number of errors decreased (p < 0.05).
Compound: Selank
Inst: Science Research Institute of Pharmacology
Individual physiologically significant effects were seen, due to the molecular structures of the study peptides and/or their degradation fragments.
Compound: Selank
Inst: V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology
Single intraperitoneal injection of Selank in an anxiolytic dose of 0.3 mg/kg reduced the total index of morphine withdrawal syndrome by 39.6%, significantly (р<0.0001) attenuated convulsive reactions, ptosis, and posture disorders, and 9-fold increased the tactile sensitivity threshold in morphine-dependent rats in comparison with the group of active control; at the same time, Selank was slightly inferior to diazepam in a dose of 2 mg/kg by pharmacological activity (the decrease in total index of morphine withdrawal syndrome by 49.3% and 13-fold increase in sensitivity threshold).
Compound: Selank
Inst: Astrakhan State Medical University
This peptide is able to reduce the concentration of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as TGF-β1, practically reaching control values, when studying the effect of Selank on the level of cytokines under conditions of " social" stress.
Compound: Selank
Inst: Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy
However, illicit use can lead to significant toxicities related to abuse, dependence, and subsequent withdrawal syndromes. Significant evaluation of developing agents with GABA properties should be conducted to determine abuse potential before public access ensues.
Compound: Selank
Inst: Mental Health Research Center
Between-group alongwith between-condition differences were revealed in FC between the right amygdala and a region in fusiform, inferior and middle temporal as well as parahippocampal gyri in the right hemisphere.
Compound: Selank
Inst: Kursk State Medical University
Selank administration led to a decrease in corticosterone levels, reduced pathomorphological manifestations of stress exposure, and accelerated adaptation.
Compound: Selank
Inst: Section Medicines and Health Products
Therefore, these findings served as an incentive to develop a novel combined liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) methodology, applicable to both hydrophilic or more hydrophobic peptides, which was utilized to analyze a total of 10 putative cognitive enhancing polypeptides, with variable biochemical characteristics, that are currently being sold online.
Compound: Selank
Inst: Department of Histology
Injection of Selank in all doses reduced the intensity of stress-induced degenerative changes. Administration of Selank in doses of 300 and 1000 μg/kg restored the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio in hepatocytes.
Compound: Selank
Inst: V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology
These results indicate positive effects of the tuftsin analogue on age-related memory disturbances associated with chronic alcohol intoxication and confirm the involvement of the neurotrophin mechanism related to BDNF production into the effect of Selank.
Compound: Selank
Inst: Kursk State Medical University
Chronic restraint stress led to a decrease in the content of obligate microflora, while the content of opportunistic microorganisms increased. Selank restored intestinal microbiota presumably via central (neurotropic) and peripheral (immunotropic) mechanisms.
Compound: Selank
Inst: Sector of Regulatory Peptides of Department of Chemistry of Physiologically Active Substances,
Thus, we hypothesized and showed that one of Selank anti-anxiety molecular mechanisms can be associated with subtype selective concentration - dependent allosteric modulation of GABA receptors.
Compound: Selank
Inst: Department of Molecular Basis of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics
Our data also suggest that Selank may enhance the effect of olanzapine on the expression of the genes studied.
Compound: Selank
Inst: Department of Molecular Basis of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics
The data obtained indicate that the individual administration of Selank was the most effective in reducing elevated levels of anxiety, induced by the administration of a course of test substances, whereas the combination of diazepam with Selank was the most effective in reducing anxiety in unpredictable chronic mild stress conditions.
Compound: Selank
Inst: Research Center of Neurology
In some neurons, Selank-induced up-regulation of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents was preceded by a transient decrease in this activity. In the examined concentration range (1-8 μM), Selank demonstrated no significant dose-dependence.
Compound: Selank
Inst: Department of Histology
Under conditions of chronic stress, Selank in all doses produced similar effects: reduced superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde concentration in the liver tissue and AST activity in the serum.
Compound: Selank
Inst: Institute of Molecular Genetics RAS
At the same time, Selank decreased level of anxiety of rats with toxic damage of DA neurons in elevated cross shaped maze.
Compound: Selank
Inst: Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty
The parameters R, K, MA, S, TMA, and J changed to hypocoagulation direction in comparison to the control. At this, Selank demonstrated the maximal anticoagulation potency.
Compound: Selank
Inst: Institute of Molecular Genetics
Analysis of differentiation of embryonic stem cells into GABA+ neurons showed that Selank, thyroliberin (100 μM), and NGF (100 ng/ml) decrease the ratio of these cells by 61, 58, and 87%, respectively, in comparison with the control.
Compound: Selank
Inst: The Department of Molecular Basis of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics Russian Ac
We found significant changes in the expression of 45 genes 1 h after the administration of the compounds.
Compound: Semax
Inst: Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Early rehabilitation and administration of semax increase BDNF plasma level, speed functional recovery, and improve motor performance.
Compound: Semax
Inst: Institute of Molecular Genetics
The protective activity of Semax in MPTP-induced lesions of the brain dopaminergic system may be associated with both its modulating effect on the dopaminergic system and the neurotrophic action of the peptide.
Compound: Semax
Inst: Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty
Experiments on narcotized rats showed that Semax in the studied dose had no effect on basal blood flow in the stomach, but prevented reduction of blood flow induced by indomethacin.
Compound: Semax
Inst: College of Medicine
Therapeutic peptides offer mechanistically diverse approaches to multiple aging hallmarks. While FDA-approved agents demonstrate clinical potential, investigational peptides require rigorous validation through well-designed clinical trials to establish safety and efficacy for healthspan extension.
Compound: Semax
Inst: Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy
Their multifunctional action profiles and ability to target specific molecular pathways highlight their potential as next-generation neuroprotective agents. However, future clinical validation and advanced strategies are essential for translating these promising molecules into effective treatments.
Compound: Semax
Inst:
An sEmax model fully characterized the relationship between LDL-C concentration and incidence of CHD death or NFMI in a high-risk population receiving statins, with diminishing event reduction at an LDL-C level less than 90 mg/dl, and limited projected event reduction beyond an LDL-C level of ~60–70 mg/dl.
Compound: Semax
Inst: Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases
The proposed combination of methods is effective and promising for the rehabilitation of patients after endovitreal surgical treatment of RRD, as it promotes more effective recovery of visual function and reduces the risk of complications.
Compound: Semax
Inst: School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
Finally, a gradient layering design is proposed that enables each layer to operate within its optimal permeability range, thereby improving the overall SE and broadening the effective working magnetic field range.
Compound: Semax
Inst: Facultat d'Odontologia, Departament d'Ortodoncia, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya
Within the limitations of this pilot clinical study, the proposed digitally guided protocol demonstrated clinically relevant maxillary advancement with minimal dentoalveolar side effects and preserved vertical control.
Compound: Semax
Inst: Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of We
Semax promoted SCI functional recovery by targeting μ-opioid receptors, which regulated USP18 and, subsequently, deubiquitination of the fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), suggesting its potential for SCI treatment.
Compound: Semax
Inst: Institute of Crystallography
Finally, our data suggest that Semax shows cytoprotective properties for SH-SY5Y cells against oxidative stress induced by copper-catalyzed oxidation of the aβ peptide.
Compound: Semax
Inst: Belgorod State National Research University
The open field, novel object recognition, and Barnes maze tests demonstrated that both Semax and its derivative improved cognitive functions in mice. Histological examination showed that these peptides reduced the number of amyloid inclusions in the cortex and hippocampus of the animals' brains.
Compound: Semax
Inst: Research Center of Neurology
The primary mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of Semax appears to be unrelated to attenuation of calcium entry through acid-sensing ion channels in cerebellar granule cells.
Compound: Semax
Inst: Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics
Thus, genes that are associated with the ACTH-like peptide action in rat brain regions with varying levels of ischemia injury were identified.
Compound: Semax
Inst: Beijing U-Precision Tech Co
Recently, the issue of electromagnetic pollution has become increasingly prominent.
Compound: Semax
Inst: Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics
We revealed that the effect of ACTH(6-9)PGP was more similar to Semax than different from it a day after tMCAO. At this time point, ACTH-like peptides compensated rat brain gene expression profiles disrupted by ischemia.
Compound: Semax
Inst: National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute"
The results support the argument that ACTH(4-10) analogs and other noncorticotropic melanocortins may have promising therapeutic potential for the treatment and prevention of depression and other stress-related pathologies.
Compound: Semax
Inst: National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute"
Our data show how differences in the structure of ACTH derivatives are associated with the changes in the brain cell transcriptome following exposure to these related peptides.
Compound: Semax
Inst: Neurosurgery Department, Dr. Soetomo Hospital
Administration of ACTH 4-10Pro 8-Gly 9-Pro 10 intranasal can increase anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in Sprague Dawley rat models with mild and severe SCI. Expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines was greater in mild compression and 3-hour termination.
Compound: Semax
Inst: Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute"
It is actively used as a neuroprotective drug. Furthermore, we showed that both Semax and ACTH(6-9)PGP can partially prevent changes in the immune- and neurosignaling-related gene expression profiles disturbed by the action of ischemia at 4.5 h after tMCAO.
Compound: Semax
Inst: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
The results suggest that Semax inhibits fiber formation by interfering with the fibrillogenesis of Aβ:Cu2+ complexes.
Compound: Semax
Inst: Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute"
Moreover, there were IC genes (iL1b, iL6, and Socs3) for PGP, as well as IC (iL6, Ccl3, Socs3, and Fos) and NC genes (Cplx2, Neurod6, and Ptk2b) for PGPL, that significantly changed in expression levels after peptide administration compared to Semax treatment under tMCAO conditions.
Compound: Semax
Inst: Research Institute of Eye Diseases
Under the influence of the developed neurostimulating complex, the activity of nerve cells objectively increases, leading to a significant increase in the boundaries of the field of view and light sensitivity and a decrease in global losses of the retinal ganglion complex and optic nerve.
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst: Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London
This is the first study demonstrating that a biologically active dose of kisspeptin to men and women does not affect behavioral, biochemical, or physiological measures of anxiety.
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst: Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Kisspeptin can be viewed as a multipurpose drug with considerably fewer side effects due to its effects simulating normal physiological processes in our body.
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst: Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London
We demonstrate the clinical potential for intranasal kisspeptin delivery as the first non-invasive method to robustly and safely stimulate gonadotropins with kisspeptin and potentially transform the management of reproductive disorders.
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst: Department of Paediatrics, School of Medical Sciences
Basal levels of kisspeptin vary widely in young girls. We found no evidence of a negative feedback mechanism of GnRH on kisspeptin in this small pilot study.
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst: Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London
MVT-602 induces LH concentrations of similar amplitude and duration as the physiological midcycle LH surge with potential utility for induction of oocyte maturation and ovulation during MAR. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: EUDRA-CT: 2017-003812-38, 2018-001379-20.
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine
Results from biochemical, immunohistochemical, and genetic analyses consistently indicated significantly reduced KISS1 expression in patients with placenta previa. These findings suggest a potential link between diminished KISS1 levels and the occurrence of placenta previa.
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst: Reproductive Medicine Sector
Kisspeptin might be used as a potential biomarker of pregnancy viability in the near future. However, studies with better evidence are needed to establish the applicability of kisspeptin as a diagnostic and prognostic tool.
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst: Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London
On viewing sexual videos, kisspeptin significantly modulated brain activity in key structures of the sexual-processing network on whole-brain analysis compared with placebo (mean absolute change [Cohen d] = 0.81 [95% CI, 0.41-1.21]; P = .003).
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zur
We found no significant alterations of kisspeptin levels after GHB administration compared to placebo.
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst: Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London
Furthermore, positive correlations were observed between kisspeptin-enhanced hippocampal activity in response to erotic videos, and baseline distress relating to sexual function (r = 0.469; P = .007).
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst: Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London
Collectively, these data provide the first human evidence that kisspeptin promotes osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast progenitors and inhibits bone resorption in vitro.
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health
EGCG could prevent obesity-related precocious puberty through NKB/NK3R signaling pathway, which may provide a novel insight into the role of EGCG in preventing precocious puberty in obese girls.
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst: NeRRe Therapeutics Limited
NK1,3 receptor antagonism with elinzanetant dose-dependently suppressed the reproductive axis in healthy women, with the 120-mg dose lowering estradiol to potentially ideal levels for UFs and EM.
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst: Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London
This is the first study in humans investigating the effects of kisspeptin on brain regions regulating appetite and demonstrates that peripheral administration of kisspeptin does not alter brain responses to visual food stimuli or psychometric parameters of appetite in healthy men.
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital
We also showed a novel evidence that EGCG decreased kisspeptin levels. However, EGCG had no effects on obesity reduction in humans, lipolysis, nor browning of human white adipocytes.
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst: Section of Endocrinology & Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Meta
Furthermore, the brain regions enhanced by kisspeptin correspond to areas within the olfactory and limbic systems that govern sexual behavior and perception of beauty as well as overlap with its endogenous expression pattern.
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst: MRC Centre for Reproductive Health
These data demonstrate the interactive regulation of GnRH/LH secretion by NKB and kisspeptin in PCOS, and that the NKB system mediates aspects of oestrogenic feedback.
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst: Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Me
Collectively, these data demonstrate for the first time a beneficial role for kisspeptin in insulin secretion in humans in vivo.
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst: Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London
Taken together, our data demonstrate a previously unknown role for kisspeptin in the modulation of functional brain connectivity and networks, integrating these with reproductive hormones and behaviors.
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst: Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London
Triggering final oocyte maturation with kisspeptin is a novel therapeutic option to enable the use of fresh embryo transfer even in the woman at high risk of OHSS. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): The study was designed, conducted, analysed and reported entirely by the authors.
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst:
Collectively, our data provide evidence of an undescribed role for kisspeptin in integrating sexual and emotional brain processing with reproduction in humans.
Compound: Kisspeptin
Inst: College of Animal Science and Technology
Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the gene transcriptions for adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and 2 (AdipoR2) were enhanced in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, while KISS-1/GPR-54 and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the hypothalamus and luteinizing hormone β-subunit (LHβ) and follicle-stimulating hormone β-subunit (FSHβ) in the pituitary were reduced after food restriction.
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: Institute of Medical Psychology
Couples in the PAT condition who received daily oxytocin showed improved wound healing (b = -0.125, t286 = -1.983; P = .048).
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: KU Leuven
Particularly, the genus Moraxella emerged as relevant, as lower baseline abundance was associated with higher endogenous oxytocin levels, and a stronger oxytocin-induced downregulation of its abundance correlated with greater increases in endogenous oxytocin levels, accompanied by hypomethylation of the oxytocin receptor gene.
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: Clinic for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research
This study provides important information about placebo effects and placebo lead-in designs for clinical trials in the autism field.
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari
These findings showed an association between oxytocin dosing during TOLAC and an increased risk of UR. Specifically, they suggest that both the timing and cumulative exposure of oxytocin, rather than the initial or incremental dose alone, may critically influence UR risk during TOLAC.
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences
Available evidence suggests the optimal range for oxytocin prophylaxis after vaginal birth is 4 to 10 IU, with lower doses within this range offering the best balance of efficacy and safety.
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: Unit for Brain Disorders, Department of Rare Diseases, Oslo University Hospital
Moderator analyses revealed that the different EEG measurements of interest (e.g., event-related potentials) and the proportion of female participants were found to significantly moderate the effect of oxytocin on neural EEG activity.
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario
Intranasal oxytocin given every third day was well tolerated and was associated with a small reduction in apathy in patients with frontotemporal dementia.
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine
Oxytocin was safe and tolerable but did not provide additional benefit beyond ABCT at the end of treatment. Alternative strategies are necessary to understand oxytocin's potential to facilitate different domains of AUD recovery.
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: Behavioural Science Institute
We found that oxytocin significantly increased maternal positive regard for the child and self-reported positive affect. Our findings suggest that oxytocin may enhance positive maternal emotions in PPD.
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London
We postulate that oxytocin administration may reduce stress and be most effective in the context of anxiolysis when administered to the dominant nostril. Further research investigating whether other intranasal psychotropic drugs have nostril-specific effects might benefit clinical practice.
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Ultrasound, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wa
Although associated with an extension of labor by half an hour, discontinuation of oxytocin in the active phase of labor was associated with a 20% decreased risk of cesarean delivery and a lower risk of uterine tachysystole and nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing.
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center
Carbetocin alone and oxytocin plus tranexamic acid were superior to oxytocin monotherapy for preventing postpartum haemorrhage in caesarean deliveries. Oxytocin plus tranexamic acid ranked as the most effective intervention for postpartum haemorrhage prevention.
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research
Most agents are effective for preventing PPH when compared with placebo or no treatment. Ergometrine plus oxytocin, and misoprostol plus oxytocin may be more effective than the current standard oxytocin.
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: NIHR Bristol Evidence Synthesis Group, University of Bristol
There is incomplete evidence for all the clinically-important pharmacotherapies investigated and, for half of their outcomes, the quality of the evidence was low (44%) or very low (11%).
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital
Carbetocin administration during CD in women with low risk for PPH is associated with less need for additional uterotonic agents (moderate evidence), less need for blood transfusion (high evidence) and lower hemoglobin drop (high evidence) when compared to those who underwent oxytocin administration without an increase in adverse effects.
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
For several other compounds, such as secretin, efficacy can be confidently excluded, and/or the data discourage undertaking new RCTs.
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
A synthesis of the existing literature demonstrates no difference in the frequency of cesarean delivery following induction of labor using a high- vs low-dose oxytocin protocol.
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst:
Systematic review and multiple meta-analyses identified moderate evidence supporting the use of 3-month administration of leuprolide acetate prior to myomectomy and intra-operative use of misoprostol, epinephrine, vasopressin, oxytocin, and uterine artery occlusion for reducing blood loss during laparoscopic myomectomy.
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University
Standardization of methods and larger sample sizes are needed to clarify these effects and optimize the therapeutic benefits of MDMA.
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Medical Centre
Of 79 RCTs comparing misoprostol and oxytocin for the prevention of PPH, 36.7% met trustworthiness criteria. Oxytocin is comparable to misoprostol for preventing PPH and may be superior for preventing severe PPH.
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: Faculty of Medicine
Carbetocin decreased the blood loss during the 1st 24 h after CD, post-operative hemoglobin drop, PPH the need for additional uterotonic agents and blood transfusion when compared to oxytocin.
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care Health System
When used for labor augmentation, high-dose oxytocin regimens decreased the risk of chorioamnionitis compared with low-dose regimens without affecting the risk of low Apgar scores, neonatal acidosis, or cesarean delivery. El resumen está disponible en Español al final del artículo.
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical
In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial in adults with obesity, intranasal oxytocin administered four times daily for 8 weeks did not reduce body weight. (Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03043053.).
Compound: Oxytocin
Inst: Department of Neurosciences, Center for Developmental Psychiatry
These findings suggest an attenuating effect of multiple-dose oxytocin administration on neural face processing, potentially supporting the anxiolytic account of oxytocin.
Compound: DSIP
Inst: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ningbo 6th Hospital
Implantation of ATPS at C6, C7, and some T1 is feasible through the low anterior cervical approach, while it is almost impossible to approach T2 that way.
Compound: DSIP
Inst: Research School of Clinical & Laboratory Sciences
DSIP probably reduced parasympathetic tone and decreased (lightened) the depth of anaesthesia measured using BIS.
Compound: DSIP
Inst: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine
A slight physiological decline in ACTH levels was observed during saline infusion, whereas a significant decrease in ACTH levels was induced by DSIP administration.
Compound: DSIP
Inst:
Sleep-promoting effects occurred only in the second hour after injection, in the first hour a slight arousing effect was indicated.
Compound: DSIP
Inst:
Assessed by us antioxidative, anticonvulsive and behavioral effects of KND were even more expressed than in DSIP case. These results provide the additional evidences to support our suggestion that KND can be a possible endogenous prototype of "real" DSIP.
Compound: DSIP
Inst: P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology
In all animals given Deltaran, the index of brain blood supply was significantly greater than in animals not given Deltaran.
Compound: DSIP
Inst: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine
Metaphit led to hypersynchronous epileptiform activity (polyspikes and spike-wave complexes) and increased power spectra 0.5-30 h after the treatment. Severity of metaphit seizures increased with time to reach the peak 7-12 h after injection.
Compound: DSIP
Inst:
Finally, alcohol addictism produced a substantial decrease of the DSIP-concentration in the rat brain and a specific electrophysiological effect on isolated neurons of rats and rabbits was established.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS).
Compound: DSIP
Inst: Department of Surgery, University Clinics
Significant decreases of DSIP-LI compared with age-matched controls (C1) were observed for S2, S3, MD, PD, VD and H. In contrast, no significant differences corresponding to pathology were found for P-DSIP-LI.
Compound: DSIP
Inst:
DSIP was found to have a rapid disappearance with a mean metabolic clearance rate of 30.7 +/- 2.5 ml/kg . min and a mean half-life of 4.0 +/- 0.7 min in the dogs.
Compound: DSIP
Inst:
It is suggested that the sleep-promoting analogues act by facilitating slight endogenous sleep tendencies at some time after dark onset, while DSIP is degraded quickly and is therefore not effective.
Compound: DSIP
Inst:
In morphine-dependent mice, 25.5 micrograms X kg-1 i.v. as well as doses beyond 85 micrograms X kg-1 s.c. attenuated naloxone-induced withdrawal jumping.
Compound: DSIP
Inst: Stem Cell Biology Laboratory
As the obesity pandemic has accelerated, investigators have begun to explore alternative mechanisms linking circadian biology and sleep to adipose tissue metabolism and obesity.
Compound: DSIP
Inst: Institut za medicinsku fiziologiju
Literature data together with our results support the idea that delta sleep--inducing peptide and neuropeptide Y could represent one of the factors of the endogenous stabilization of brain excitability and potent antiepileptic in generalized metaphit-induced audiogenic convulsive activity.
Compound: DSIP
Inst: Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution
This assumption is based on: (i) a highly specific distribution of DSIP-like immunoreactivity in the neurosecretory hypothalamic nuclei of various vertebrate species that are not particularly relevant for sleep regulation, as revealed by the histochemical studies of the Geneva group (Charnay et al.); (ii) a large spectrum of DSIP biological activity revealed by biochemical and physiological studies in vitro; (iii) significant slow-wave sleep (SWS) promoting activity of certain artificial DSIP structural analogues (but not DSIP itself!) in rabbits and rats revealed by our early studies; and (iv) significant SWS-promoting activity of a naturally occurring dermorphin-decapeptide that is structurally similar to DSIP (in five of the nine positions) and the sleep-suppressing effect of its optical isomer, as revealed in rabbits.
Compound: AOD-9604
Inst: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University
Both hGH and its C-terminal fragment reduce body weight gain, increase fat oxidation, and stimulate lipolysis in obese mice, yet AOD9604 does not interact with the hGH receptor. Thus, the concept of hGH behaving as a pro-hormone is further confirmed.
Compound: AOD-9604
Inst: Performance Medicine Institute
Many unapproved peptides demonstrate favorable tissue repair and metabolic outcomes in animal models, but rigorous human safety data are scarce, and there is potential for serious harm to patients.
Compound: AOD-9604
Inst: Students' Research Group at the Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine,
This narrative review contrasts peer-reviewed pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and clinical evidence with commonly encountered online self-administration protocols, stratifying peptides into evidence tiers from regulatory-grade randomized trial data to a complete absence of human studies, and highlights the resulting uncertainty around putative performance and recomposition benefits.
Compound: AOD-9604
Inst: Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry
The number and diversity of potentially performance-enhancing substances is continuously growing, fueled by new pharmaceutical developments but also by the inventiveness and, at the same time, unscrupulousness of black-market (designer) drug producers and providers.
Compound: AOD-9604
Inst: Physician Scientist, Brookdale University Hospital & Medical Center
In this review, we discuss the FDA approved anti-obesity drugs and recent patents which include phentermine/topiramate, pramlintide, lorcaserin, AOD9604, oleoyl-estrone, trk-beta antagonists and melanin concentrating hormone that can reduce adiposity at the molecular level.
Compound: AOD-9604
Inst: Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Drugs that improve adipose tissue function or fatty acid metabolism (e.g., AOD9604) also are in clinical trials. Some currently available medications may reduce metabolic complications without treating obesity per se (e.g., acipimox, pioglitazone).
Compound: AOD-9604
Inst: Doping Control Laboratory
In contrast, in dried matrices all compounds remained detectable throughout the entire duration of the study, indicating that samples can be transported and stored under non-refrigerated conditions, thereby reducing costs.
Compound: AOD-9604
Inst: Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research
Several peptides <2 kDa with performance-enhancing properties are covered by the list of prohibited substances of the World Anti-Doping Agency including Desmopressin, LH-RH, Buserelin, Triptorelin, Leuprolide, GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-3, GHRP-4, GHRP-5,GHRP-6, Alexamorelin, Ipamorelin, Hexarelin, ARA-290, AOD-9604, TB-500 and Anamorelin.
Compound: AOD-9604
Inst: Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory
Quantification of the metabolites in serum identified a single metabolite, consisting of amino acids CRSVEGSCG, which is significantly more stable than the other metabolites or the parent compound.
Compound: AOD-9604
Inst: Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry
These allow detecting the misuse of peptidic compounds of lower (such as growth hormone-releasing peptides, ARA-290, TB-500, AOD-9604, CJC-1295, desmopressin, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormones, synacthen, etc.), intermediate (e.g., insulins, IGF-1 and analogs, 'full-length' mechano growth factor, growth hormone, chorionic gonadotropin, erythropoietin, etc.) and higher (e.g., stamulumab) molecular mass with desired specificity and sensitivity.
Compound: AOD-9604
Inst: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the lipolytic actions of both hGH and AOD9604 are not mediated directly through the beta(3)-AR although both compounds increase beta(3)-AR expression, which may subsequently contribute to enhanced lipolytic sensitivity.
Compound: AOD-9604
Inst: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University
The adipose tissues of the AOD9604--treated animals were found to have an increase in lipolytic activity. The results in the present study suggest that the analogue of the hGH lipolytic domain may have the potential to be developed into an orally usable and safe therapeutic agent for obesity.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Mental Health Center Copenhagen
At week 26, semaglutide significantly reduced HbA1c level compared with placebo (mean difference, -0.25%; 95% CI, -0.33 to -0.16; P < .001); 43% of participants (12 of 28) treated with semaglutide achieved low-risk HbA1c levels (<5.4%) vs 3% with placebo.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas
In individuals with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin, orforglipron 12 mg and 36 mg was non-inferior and superior to semaglutide 7 mg and 14 mg with respect to the mean change in HbA1c from baseline to 52 weeks.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Common adverse events for bimagrumab included muscle spasms, diarrhea and acne, and semaglutide was associated with nausea, diarrhea, constipation and fatigue.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Mental Health Centre Copenhagen
Semaglutide showed robust therapeutic effects in treatment-seeking participants with obesity and alcohol use disorder and this trial supports previous preclinical and clinical findings suggesting GLP-1 receptor agonists as a potential novel treatment target for alcohol use disorder.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network
Semaglutide did not improve executive function; results from secondary analyses suggested effects on specific domains of cognition. Semaglutide was safe for patients with MDD.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition
Among participants with HF, the HR was 0.59 (95% CI, 0.39-0.86) in those with preserved ejection fraction and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.70-1.38) in those with reduced ejection fraction.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Comprehensive Weight Control Center
4.05) of body weight reduction with orforglipron compared with an MBE of 49.2% (s.e.m. 4.42) of body weight reduction with orforglipron compared with an MBE of 37.6% (s.e.m.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
GLP-1RAs may have little or no effect on risk for obesity-related cancers. Longer-term studies are needed to clarify potential risks or benefits.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital
Obesity drugs produce variable weight loss at one year, with larger benefits generally accompanied by greater harms and discontinuation. Most agents do not improve quality of life meaningfully and few show cardiovascular benefits.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Department of Clinical Pharmacy
GLP-1 receptor agonists significantly increase the likelihood of weight loss versus placebo, with tirzepatide and semaglutide demonstrating the greatest relative efficacy among agents evaluated. These findings support GLP-1-based therapy as an effective component of clinical obesity management.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Community Health Partners
Lean mass loss during significant weight reduction is substantial, and the proportion of weight lost as lean mass is broadly comparable between incretin-based pharmacotherapy and lifestyle interventions.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
This study provides an updated, relative rank-order efficacy of therapies for MASH in reducing hepatic fat. These data may help inform the design and sample size calculation of future clinical trials and assist in the selection of combination therapy.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness
Among 6 trials (19 906 patients) analyzed by sex, weight loss was greater among women (10.9%; 95% CI, 7.0%-14.8%) than men (6.8%; 95% CI, 4.6%-9.0%).
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Faculty of Medicine and Health
GLP-1RAs are effective for body weight reduction and glycaemic improvement in individuals with T1D and overweight/obesity, with acceptable safety profiles.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Tehran Heart Center
Oral semaglutide demonstrates meaningful improvements in cardiometabolic outcomes and a favorable safety profile, supporting its use as a non-invasive therapy for obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital
In patients with T2DM and CKD, SGLT2 inhibitors provide the most consistent renal protection, while GLP-1 receptor agonists offer additional but variable benefits.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Division of Endocrinology
Semaglutide confers robust, consistent multisystem benefits-including cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal protection-supporting its role as a transformative, disease-modifying therapy for metabolic disease beyond diabetes and obesity management.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Faculty of Medicine
CagriSema therapy was associated with superior weight reduction compared with semaglutide or placebo. In conclusion, CagriSema achieves greater weight loss than semaglutide or placebo but increases gastrointestinal adverse events, warranting careful tolerability monitoring and longer-term data.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Department of Clinical Neurosciences
SEM showed to be of great interest in the treatment of BED, acting not only on weight decrease but also on cognitive symptoms linked to the disease.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine
GLP-1RAs may improve testosterone levels and potentially enhance semen quality in men with metabolic issues, while maintaining gonadotropin function. They could serve as fertility-sparing alternatives to testosterone therapy in some obesity-related hypogonadism cases.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Treatment for 24 weeks with semaglutide compared to placebo reduced UACR by -52.1% (95% confidence interval -65.5, -33.4; P < 0.0001). Semaglutide treatment for 24 weeks resulted in a clinically meaningful reduction in albuminuria in patients with overweight/obesity and non-diabetic CKD.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Department of Population and Public Health Sciences and Institute for Addiction Science
Low-dose semaglutide reduced the amount of alcohol consumed during a posttreatment laboratory self-administration task, with evidence of medium to large effect sizes for grams of alcohol consumed (β, -0.48; 95% CI, -0.85 to -0.11; P = .01) and peak breath alcohol concentration (β, -0.46; 95% CI, -0.87 to -0.06; P = .03).
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: CPC Clinical Research
Semaglutide increased walking distance in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease and type 2 diabetes.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Among persons with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, or both, the use of oral semaglutide was associated with a significantly lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events than placebo, without an increase in the incidence of serious adverse events. (Funded by Novo Nordisk; SOUL ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03914326.).
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: University of Toronto
Oral semaglutide at a dose of 25 mg once daily resulted in a greater mean reduction in body weight than placebo in participants with overweight or obesity. (Funded by Novo Nordisk; OASIS 4 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05564117.).
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital
Semaglutide reduced HbA1c by 0.46% of total hemoglobin (95% CI, -0.56% to -0.36%) and body weight by 9.21 kg (95% CI, -11.68 to -6.75).
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham
Cagrilintide-semaglutide provided significant and clinically relevant body-weight reductions in adults with overweight or obesity, as compared with placebo. (Funded by Novo Nordisk; REDEFINE 1 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05567796.).
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Faculty of Medicine
Semaglutide 7·2 mg was superior to placebo and 2·4 mg for bodyweight reduction in adults with obesity, while retaining a favourable risk-benefit profile. FUNDING: Novo Nordisk.
Compound: Semaglutide
Inst: Department of Internal Medicine I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen Universi
Oral semaglutide reduced major adverse cardiovascular event outcomes independently of concomitant SGLT2i treatment, and this combination appeared to be safe. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03914326.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism
Among adults with type 1 diabetes and obesity, tirzepatide was superior to placebo for weight loss over 12 weeks.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Overall, 27.1% of participants simultaneously achieved PASI 100 and a 10% or greater weight reduction with ixekizumab plus tirzepatide vs 5.8% with ixekizumab (risk difference [RD], 21.2%; 95% CI, 12.8%-29.7%; P < .001).
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Center for Obesity Medicine and Metabolic Performance
In adults with obesity, long-term treatment is often necessary to maintain bodyweight reduction and its associated cardiometabolic benefits. In the SURMOUNT-MAINTAIN trial, continuing tirzepatide at MTD maintained bodyweight reduction and health-related benefits.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Cleveland Clinic Coordinating Center for Clinical Research
In this post hoc analysis, the dual GLP-1 and GIP agonist tirzepatide, compared with the GLP-1 agonist dulaglutide, was associated with a lower incidence of a broad 6-component composite cardiovascular and kidney end point in patients with diabetes and established cardiovascular disease.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Comprehensive Weight Control Center
4.05) of body weight reduction with orforglipron compared with an MBE of 49.2% (s.e.m. 4.42) of body weight reduction with orforglipron compared with an MBE of 37.6% (s.e.m.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: University of Texas Center for Obesity Medicine and Metabolic Performance
During the initial 36 weeks of tirzepatide treatment, participants' weight decreased and cardiometabolic parameters improved.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: AdventHealth Translational Research Institute
In summary, this proof-of-concept study demonstrated that selective targeting of myostatin by apitegromab was well tolerated and effective in preserving lean mass when combined with tirzepatide.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: University of California San Diego
Based on the mediation analysis, treating both sleep-disordered breathing and obesity is likely required to optimize the treatment effect on cardiometabolic benefits for patients with moderate-to-severe OSA and obesity.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Comprehensive Weigh
HRQoL improved with tirzepatide and semaglutide, with greater improvement in GH with tirzepatide, especially in participants with limited baseline physical function. Participants who lost the most BW showed the greatest improvements in PF, BP, and GH.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center
In vivo studies demonstrated that LY3537021 reduced body weight and improved glycemia during a glucose challenge in rats. The phase 1 study demonstrated that the long-acting GIPR agonist LY3537021 was well tolerated, induced weight loss, and improved glucose control in humans.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
Among people with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, tirzepatide was associated with a reduced risk of major kidney events compared with dulaglutide, primarily driven by a reduction in new-onset macroalbuminuria in people with low-to-moderate-risk chronic kidney disease, and slowed decline in kidney function in people with high-risk chronic kidney disease.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicin
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this post hoc analysis of 3 randomized clinical trials for participants taking at least 1 concomitant WI medication, tirzepatide treatment was associated with weight loss comparable with the primary study results.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health
In this post hoc analysis, in participants with obesity or overweight, tirzepatide was associated with meaningfully reduced SUA levels, regardless of participants' baseline BMI or SUA levels, and appeared to be so primarily via weight reduction.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: ProGen Co. Ltd
All randomized participants (PG-102 n = 18; placebo n = 6) received at least one dose and were included in the safety analysis. Safety and tolerability were predefined as the primary endpoint and assessed by treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs).
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
In overweight/obese women with PCOS, low-dose tirzepatide combined with MET was associated with greater reductions in body weight and visceral fat, along with improvements in metabolic and reproductive outcomes compared with MET monotherapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR2400090908; chictr.org.cn.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medi
Once-weekly treatment with tirzepatide demonstrated significant reductions in body weight and prespecified cardiometabolic measures compared with placebo in Japanese adults with obesity or overweight.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Eli Lilly and Company
Based on this simulation model, using head-to-head SURMOUNT-5 trial data, tirzepatide (MTD) had lower total costs and higher QALYs compared to semaglutide (MTD).
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Comprehensive Weight Control Center
In this post hoc analysis of SURMOUNT-5, a greater proportion of tirzepatide-treated participants in both responder groups achieved all body weight reduction thresholds versus semaglutide.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: RISE-Health, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine
Tirzepatide improves therapeutic target attainment compared with semaglutide in type 2 diabetes. Longer trials are needed to confirm benefits on long-term prognosis.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Chiba University
These results suggest that tailored interventions such as tirzepatide dosage adjustments may help optimise the treatment management of Japanese patients with obesity disease. STUDY REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04844918.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health
Tirzepatide treatment was associated with sustained improvements in WHtR categories, with a greater proportion of participants shifting to a better WHtR category compared to participants treated with placebo. Improved WHtR may be suggestive of lower future cardiometabolic risk.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Eli Lilly and Company
Lower baseline PF was associated with a higher prevalence of ORCs. Patients taking tirzepatide experienced substantial weight loss, regardless of their baseline PF.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism
In Japanese adults with obesity disease, tirzepatide significantly improved HR-QoL over 72 weeks compared with placebo in both physical and psychosocial domains.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital
Tirzepatide effectively reduced hyperglycemia and body weight with no increased risk of hypoglycemia in Chinese patients with early type 2 diabetes. The safety profile was consistent with previous trials of tirzepatide.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Department of Cardiology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires
This study demonstrated that tirzepatide use is associated with a significant reduction in inflammatory markers, regardless of the population studied or treatment regimen.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
GLP-1RAs may have little or no effect on risk for obesity-related cancers. Longer-term studies are needed to clarify potential risks or benefits.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital
Obesity drugs produce variable weight loss at one year, with larger benefits generally accompanied by greater harms and discontinuation. Most agents do not improve quality of life meaningfully and few show cardiovascular benefits.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Department of Clinical Pharmacy
GLP-1 receptor agonists significantly increase the likelihood of weight loss versus placebo, with tirzepatide and semaglutide demonstrating the greatest relative efficacy among agents evaluated. These findings support GLP-1-based therapy as an effective component of clinical obesity management.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
In patients with cardiovascular or renal disease, GLP-1RAs and tirzepatide provide consistent cardiovascular and renal protection, with a possible benefit in reducing hospitalization for heart failure among individuals with obesity.
Compound: Tirzepatide
Inst: Community Health Partners
Lean mass loss during significant weight reduction is substantial, and the proportion of weight lost as lean mass is broadly comparable between incretin-based pharmacotherapy and lifestyle interventions.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology
Retatrutide showed significant improvements in glycaemic control and bodyweight reduction as a monotherapy in adults with type 2 diabetes that is inadequately controlled with diet and exercise alone, with an adverse event profile consistent with molecules with GLP-1 agonist activity, supporting its potential as an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital
Obesity drugs produce variable weight loss at one year, with larger benefits generally accompanied by greater harms and discontinuation. Most agents do not improve quality of life meaningfully and few show cardiovascular benefits.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy
IBTs provide comprehensive benefits in T2DM. Efficacy and safety differ across agents, doses, durations, and combinations, supporting individualized therapy.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Eli Lilly and Company
In adults with type 2 diabetes, retatrutide significantly improved total body fat mass reduction compared with placebo and dulaglutide. The proportion of lean mass loss to weight loss was similar to other obesity treatments.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Department of Pharmacology, Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College
It also led to a higher percentage of patients achieving weight losses of ≥5 , 10, 15, and 20 %. OUTLOOK: Weekly subcutaneous injections of retatrutide in obese patients resulted in significant weight loss and metabolic improvements compared to a placebo.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Department of Endocrinology, Manipal Hospital
Retatrutide offers superior weight loss efficacy but with a higher AE risk. Dual agonists provide a favorable efficacy-safety balance.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Except for the newer injectable medications, drugs with suboptimal efficacy have been available in the clinician's armamentarium for weight management.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Centre of Clinical Epidemiology
GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists are efficacious for weight loss, with reported safety concerns predominantly gastrointestinal in nature, when used among adults with overweight or obesity and without diabetes. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: None. (PROSPERO: CRD42024505558).
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Department of Internal Medicine, King George's Medical University
In conclusion our analysis found retatrutide to be clinically and statistically better than placebo in the various studies outcomes. We eagerly await the conduction of further trials for more robust and substantial results.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Eli Lilly and Company
Perceived hunger and tendency to overeat (disinhibition) were reduced with higher doses of retatrutide, compared with placebo. Greater weight reduction was associated with decreased perceived hunger and disinhibition and increased dietary restraint.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital
GLP-1RAs decreased liver fat deposition and improved histological steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, and lobular inflammation, without worsening of fibrosis in MASLD and MASH.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission
Females lost more weight than males when treated with GLP-1RAs for weight reduction. The sex difference in weight reduction became more pronounced as the degree of weight reduction increased.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: College of Medicine
GI side effects are common across anti-obesity medications, particularly GLP-1 receptor agonists. Although generally mild to moderate, these symptoms can impact adherence and lead to treatment discontinuation.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: College of Medicine
GLP-1 RAs carry a slightly increased risk of pancreatitis, which is not significant when stratified by background medication use. Overall risk for pancreatic cancer was not observed, but a slight association was found when stratified with background medications.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: School of Medical Sciences - Faculty of Medicine and Health
Receptor-specific targeting optimizes T2DM treatment, with Semaglutide supporting glycemic control, Tirzepatide enhancing weight loss and glucose regulation, and Retatrutide potentially offering broader metabolic benefits, advancing receptor-targeted, personalized therapy.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University
Retatrutide (both doses) and tirzepatide exhibited superior efficacy compared to other GLP-1 receptor agonists and polyagonists in reducing body weight and waist circumference.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Lilly Research Laboratories
Together, these results suggest that the GCGR agonism of retatrutide could lead to reduced circulating ANGPTL3/8 concentrations, which may then contribute to decreases in TG and LDL-C levels.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners
Our findings demonstrate that all three GLP-1 analogs, semaglutide, tirzepatide, and retatrutide, exhibit significant anti-obesity effects in MC4R KO mice. These results suggest that GLP-1 analogs may provide an effective treatment option for patients with MC4R-POMC pathway deficiencies.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Faculty of Medicine
Retatrutide and survodutide exhibit the most favourable efficacy profiles for obesity and T2DM, with acceptable safety. These findings support their potential clinical use and highlight the need for future head-to-head trials.
Compound: Retatrutide
Inst: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Huai'an Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical Univ
Retatrutide and Tirzepatide were significantly effective in improving DKD, controlling blood glucose and body weight. Retatrutide was the most effective in improving DKD and body weight, while Tirzepatide was the most effective in controlling blood glucose.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Department of General Medicine, Doctoral School, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Phar
BPC-157 presents a compelling but pharmaceutically underdeveloped profile.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Department of History and Philosophy of Science, Christ's College
Although animal data indicate favorable safety and pharmacokinetics, human research remains limited to small pilot studies investigating musculoskeletal pain, interstitial cystitis, and intravenous administration, all suggesting potential therapeutic value without reported major adverse effects.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Keck School of Medicine of USC
While peptide therapy may possess significant therapeutic and regenerative potential, it is critical that orthopaedic and sports medicine providers understand the current lack of evidence to support the clinical use of these peptides.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine
Further clinical studies will strengthen cytoprotective therapy and, particularly, BPC 157 in complex musculoskeletal and junctional injuries.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Performance Medicine Institute
Many unapproved peptides demonstrate favorable tissue repair and metabolic outcomes in animal models, but rigorous human safety data are scarce, and there is potential for serious harm to patients.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine
Contrarily, for BPC 157, decreased hemorrhage (including both anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents), decreased thrombosis, effective wound healing, arrhythmia control, and normalization of Virchow's triad involve preservation of endothelial integrity, normalization of microcirculation, modulation of the NO system, stabilization of hemostatic balance, and recruitment of adaptive collateral pathways.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine
Thus, to confirm the hypothesis, these BPC 157 conditional, not constitutive effects, in rodent models or in vitro systems (HEK293 cells), mandate expansion of now limited clinical data and mechanisms in human investigated as a translational cytoprotective strategy for complex arrhythmias.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: College of Medicine
Therapeutic peptides offer mechanistically diverse approaches to multiple aging hallmarks. While FDA-approved agents demonstrate clinical potential, investigational peptides require rigorous validation through well-designed clinical trials to establish safety and efficacy for healthspan extension.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine
Thus, BPC 157 therapy means targeting angiogenesis and NO's cytotoxic and damaging actions but maintaining, promoting, or recovering their essential protective functions.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine
Taken together, these findings advance cytoprotection as a unifying therapeutic paradigm, with BPC 157 emerging as its first exemplar, and encourage further translational research toward clinical application.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine
Likewise, not only in ACS/IAH resolving, but also in other occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes, this "bypassing key" could be an effect of the essential endothelial cytoprotective capacity of BPC 157 and a particular modulatory effect on the NO-system, and a rescuing impact on vasomotor tone.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine
This can be a network of interconnected evidence, previously envisaged in the implementation of the cytoprotection effects, consistent beneficial particular evidence that BPC 157 therapy counteracts dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, adrenalin/noradrenalin, acetylcholine, and NO-system disturbances.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine
Moreover, the healing of fistulas, both external and internal, colocutaneous, gastrocutaneous, esophagocutaneous, duodenocutaneous, vesicovaginal, colovesical, and rectovaginal in rats, perceived as anastomoses made between two different tissues which are normally not connected, may also be indicative.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine
Counteraction of major vessel failure (congested inferior caval vein and superior mesenteric vein, collapsed azygos vein, collapsed abdominal aorta) includes counteraction of the brain (intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage), heart (congestion, severe arrhythmias), lung (hemorrhage), and congestion and lesions in the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract, intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal and caval hypertension, aortal hypotension, and thrombosis, peripherally and centrally.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine
Normalized intraocular pressure in glaucomatous rats corresponded to the counteracted intra-cranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal, and caval hypertension, and aortal hypotension in occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes, were all attenuated/eliminated by BPC 157 therapy.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine
Finally, in the conclusion, as a new improvement in further therapy, we emphasized the advantages of the dopamine agents' application in lower gastrointestinal tract therapy.
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Zagreb
Likewise, in BPC 157 therapy, there is specific support for each of these topics: counteracted encephalopathies; alleviated vascular occlusion disturbances (stroke); counteracted dopamine disturbances (dopamine receptors blockade, receptors super sensitivity development, or receptor activation, over-release, nigrostriatal damage, vesicles depletion), and nitric oxide-system disturbances ("L-NAME non-responsive, L-arginine responsive," and "L-NAME responsive, L-arginine responsive") (schizophrenia therapy); inflammation reduction, nerve recovery in addition to alleviated hemostasis and vessels function after compression (spinal cord injury therapy).
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine
Finally, BPC 157, native and stable in human gastric juice, might be a prototype of anti-ulcer cytoprotective peptide for the muscle therapy with high curing potential (very safe profile (lethal dose not achieved), with suited wide effective range (µg-ng regimens) and ways of application).
Compound: BPC-157
Inst: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine
These appeared as having modulatory effects on NO-system (NO-release, NOS-inhibition, NO-over-stimulation all affected), controlling vasomotor tone and the activation of the Src-Caveolin-1-eNOS pathway and modulatory effects on the prostaglandins system (BPC 157 counteracted NSAIDs toxicity, counteracted bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and in particular, leaky gut syndrome).
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology
Among the proteins secreted in significantly higher amounts by resistant cells (compared to the control group), which may be potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets in melanoma, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, thymosin beta-4, clusterin, interleukin-6, superoxide dismutase, and selected matrix metalloproteinases can be distinguished.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
TB-300 and SB-500 significantly lowered serum lipids (P = 0.024), urea (P = 0.018), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P = 0.027), while enhancing mTOR and NBN gene expression (P < 0.0001).
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Cardiovascular Research Institute
We show that plasma TB4 is elevated in women with HFpEF and has prognostic information. Because TB4 can preserve EF in animal studies of cardiac injury, the relation of endogenous, circulating TB4 to X chromosome biology and differential outcomes in female heart disease warrants further study.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University
Key challenges moving forward include validating efficacy in additional clinically relevant models, overcoming peptide instability and completing comprehensive safety assessments.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: College of Medicine
Therapeutic peptides offer mechanistically diverse approaches to multiple aging hallmarks. While FDA-approved agents demonstrate clinical potential, investigational peptides require rigorous validation through well-designed clinical trials to establish safety and efficacy for healthspan extension.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Performance Medicine Institute
Many unapproved peptides demonstrate favorable tissue repair and metabolic outcomes in animal models, but rigorous human safety data are scarce, and there is potential for serious harm to patients.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Keck School of Medicine of USC
While peptide therapy may possess significant therapeutic and regenerative potential, it is critical that orthopaedic and sports medicine providers understand the current lack of evidence to support the clinical use of these peptides.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs
By observing the above results, we believe, further discoveries and consequential postnatal administration of developmentally relevant candidate molecules such as TB4 may likely result in reversing aging processes and accelerate organ regeneration in the human body.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health
Thymosin β4 (Tβ4), an endogenous peptide that sequesters G-actin, has shown potent anti-inflammatory function in experimental models of heart, kidney, liver, lung, and eye injury.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs
Observing the broad capacity of this small, secreted peptide, we believe it is not the only molecule which nature conceals to our benefit.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: a Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital
Given that Thymosin Beta 4 inhibits the polymerization of F-actin, it is possible that Thymosin Beta 4 decreases mortality in sepsis via the regulation of actin as well as its other anti-inflammatory properties and should be further pursued as a clinical trial in humans with sepsis.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: a Opthalmology and Anatomy/Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
Expert opinion: The electrifying possibility of Tβ4 as a revolutionary novel dry eye therapy is something that could have only been dreamed about just a few years ago. We believe that Tβ4 eyedrops will help many patients suffering from several ocular surface related disorders.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: a NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapor
INTRODUCTION: Thymosin beta-4 (TB4) is an endogenous peptide with protective and regenerative effects in models of cellular and organ injury. TB4 is increasingly measured as a potential plasma or serum biomarker in human cardiovascular, liver, infectious, and autoimmune disease.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: a Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia
EXPERT OPINION: Based on its multitasking activity in various animal studies, including tissue repair and prevention of chronic inflammation, Tβ4 may represent a potential, novel treatment for inflammatory diseases associated with defective autophagy.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Cardiovascular Drug Discovery
Injected or transgenic Tβ4 increase blood vessel growth in large and small animal models, consistent with Tβ4 converting hibernating myocardium to an actively contractile state following ischemia.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Texas Children's Microbiome Center
The differing structures of thymosin alpha and thymosin beta proteins have been studied by circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance, and crystallographic methods in order to better understand the role of these proteins.
Compound: TB-500
Inst: Pusan National University
Meanwhile, the endogenously expressed Tβ4 in activated HSCs is shown to promote HSCs activation. Although the role of Tβ4 has not been elucidated, it is apparent that Tβ4 is associated with HSC activation.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Faculty of Pharmacy
At a mechanistic level, this explained the different reactivity of the two peptides: (i) The greater stability of the macrocyclic intermediate HNE/carnosine was compared to HNE/GHK. (ii) GHK in solution has a quasi-folded conformation due to the interaction of four intramolecular hydrogen bonds, three of which need to be broken for the transition state to form (energy barrier, approximately 20 kcal/mol).
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Department of Chemistry, University of Ferrara
The two synthetic analogues showed an activity comparable to or even higher than that of GHK, thus suggesting their possible use as additives in cell culture media, even in the presence of serum.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Faculty of Agriculture
GHK was, thus, shown to be an effective ligand for hepatocyte attachment. Extension of the length significantly increased the number of attached hepatocytes.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Keck School of Medicine of USC
While peptide therapy may possess significant therapeutic and regenerative potential, it is critical that orthopaedic and sports medicine providers understand the current lack of evidence to support the clinical use of these peptides.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Performance Medicine Institute
Many unapproved peptides demonstrate favorable tissue repair and metabolic outcomes in animal models, but rigorous human safety data are scarce, and there is potential for serious harm to patients.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: College of Medicine
Therapeutic peptides offer mechanistically diverse approaches to multiple aging hallmarks. While FDA-approved agents demonstrate clinical potential, investigational peptides require rigorous validation through well-designed clinical trials to establish safety and efficacy for healthspan extension.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna
Interdisciplinary innovation, integrating insights from molecular biology through engineering, plays a central role in translating novel strategies into tailored, clinically effective wound management solutions.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
Although GHK-Cu and Pal-GHK are effective and relatively skin permeable, their permeability could be successfully increased using permeation enhancement methodologies.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Faculty of Chemistry
On the other hand, liposomes capable of encapsulating GHK-Cu may improve its permeation potential.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Skin Biology
GHK-Cu also improves hair transplant success, protects hepatic tissue from tetrachloromethane poisoning, blocks stomach ulcer development, and heals intestinal ulcers and bone tissue.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co
Moreover, GHK-Cu mitigated oxidative stress by reducing levels of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and improved superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: School of Medicine
Our findings identify novel molecular targets for developing anti-aging interventions and underscore the potential of GHK-Cu's as a multifaceted geroprotective compound.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: University of Washington
These findings demonstrate that functional cognitive improvement can arise from divergent molecular states and identify administrative route and exposure duration as key determinants of gerotherapeutic response.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital
In a rabbit fascia defect model, this strategy effectively promoted collagen alignment and neovascularization, improving extracellular matrix reconstruction and facilitating fascia regeneration.
Compound: GHK-Cu
Inst: Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
The structure of GHK-Cu provides a reference for the development of novel laccase mimetic enzymes. The constructed colorimetry offers an option for the rapid detection of phenolic compounds, and the developed cotton-based sensor enabled rapid and portable detection of 2-AP.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Allure Management
One nonrandomized intravenous NMN study met inclusion criteria and primarily contributed short-term safety and biomarker information. Overall, NAD⁺ augmentation shows clear biological activity, but clinical effectiveness for anti-aging or wellness outcomes remains inconclusive.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Nestlé Research
Overall, these results indicate a dual effect of NR and NMN and their microbially produced metabolite NA: a sustained increase in systemic NAD+ levels and a potent modulator of gut health.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute
We identify systemic shifts in methylation levels, increases in methylation variability, and growing molecular disorder across tissues.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies
Sevelamer improves insulin sensitivity and LDL-C in participants with obesity. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate sevelamer's metabolic mechanisms, potentially involving the mediation of bile acids and other host-microbiome-derived metabolites.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Osaka Hospital
The oral NMN administration was safe both systemically and locally in the eyes. Based on the retinal thickness results, NMN may be efficacious in mitigating age-related alterations in the retina.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism
Pharmacologic and genetic interrogation in CD4+ T cells and fibroblasts demonstrated that SLIT2, acting through the ROBO1 receptor, inhibited Rho GTPase signaling, thereby attenuating canonical Th17 polarization and fibroblast inflammatory activation.CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate that NAD+ augmentation exerts anti-inflammatory effects in psoriasis through SLIT2-ROBO1-mediated crosstalk between dermal fibroblasts and circulating CD4+ T cells, leading to suppression of Th17-driven inflammation.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT04271735 (registration date - 2020-08026), NCT01143454 (registration date - 2010-07-21), NCT01778569 (registration date - 2013-01-22), and NCT00001846 (registration date - 2001-01-11).FUNDINGThe NHLBI Division of Intramural Research (HL005102 - MNS).
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
The combination of nicotinamide riboside plus exercise for 12 weeks was safe and increased cardiopulmonary fitness in children and adults with Friedreich's ataxia.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Me
NR treatment significantly improved arterial stiffness, as indicated by CAVI, and likely suppressed renal functional decline in patients with WS. Therefore, NR may be beneficial for preventing atherosclerosis, skin ulcers, and kidney dysfunction in patients with WS.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: bio meds Pharma
NADH supplementation is safe and has a low incidence of side effects. Future investigations are needed to evidence the clinical benefits regarding specific diseases and doses administered.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest Uni
While CBF was reduced by NR treatment, statistical significance would not have withstood multiple comparisons correction. A larger trial of longer duration is needed to determine the potential of NR as a strategy to improve cognition and alter CBF in older adults with MCI.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging
In exploratory analyses, treatment with NR showed indications of upregulated gene pathways related to genomic integrity in the airways and reduced epigenetic aging, possibly through a reduction in cellular senescence.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Wellness Science Labs
Together, these results indicate that NMN intake could increase blood NAD + levels, maintain walking speed, and improve sleep quality in older adults.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing
Results of preclinical and clinical studies confirm the potential benefits of NAD+ precursors for the treatment of AD. However, further clinical studies are required to confirm the increasingly important value of NAD+ precursors as effective pharmacological interventions in the clinic.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Abinopharm
NMN supplementation increases blood NAD concentrations and is safe and well tolerated with oral dosing up to 900 mg NMN daily. Clinical efficacy expressed by blood NAD concentration and physical performance reaches highest at a dose of 600 mg daily oral intake.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: DHC Corporation Laboratories
Long-term NMN supplementation at 250 mg/day was well tolerated and did not cause adverse events. NMN safely and effectively elevated NAD+ metabolism in healthy middle-aged adults.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans
MIB-626 administration in overweight or obese, middle-aged and older adults safely increased circulating NAD levels, and significantly reduced total LDL and non-HDL cholesterol, body weight, and diastolic blood pressure.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Human Neuroscience Section, National Institute on Aging
We demonstrate that oral NR supplementation increases NAD+ levels in NEVs and decreases NEV levels of Aβ42, pJNK, and pERK1/2 (kinases involved in insulin resistance and neuroinflammatory pathways).
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital
Furthermore, NR decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Our findings nominate NR as a potential neuroprotective therapy for PD, warranting further investigation in larger trials.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Center for Human Nutrition
These results demonstrate that NMN increases muscle insulin sensitivity, insulin signaling, and remodeling in women with prediabetes who are overweight or obese (clinicaltrial.gov NCT03151239).
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Department of Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Sport University
NMN increases the aerobic capacity of humans during exercise training, and the improvement is likely the result of enhanced O2 utilization of the skeletal muscle. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2000035138 .
Compound: NAD+
Inst: ME/CFS Research Unit, Division of Rheumatology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Research Institute
Future interventions are needed to corroborate these clinical benefits and also explore the underlying pathomechanisms of CoQ10 and NADH administration in ME/CFS.
Compound: NAD+
Inst: Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School for Nutrition and Translational Research
NR supplementation of 1000 mg/d for 6 wk in healthy overweight or obese men and women increased skeletal muscle NAD+ metabolites, affected skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine metabolism, and induced minor changes in body composition and sleeping metabolic rate.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: Institute of Neuroscience
Our results indicate that repeated heat stress specifically modulates the levels of the mitokines MOTS-c and FGF21 in a manner that is comparable to, but not identical to, exercise.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: Metabolism and Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance, Catalan Institute o
We failed to find any significant alteration of circulating MOTS-c -as measured using the commercially available competitive ELISA CEX132Hu- in response to 24 weeks of a neoadjuvant chemotherapy/trastuzumab regimen with or without daily metformin.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine
Our research has shown, for the first time, that increased MOTS-c and decreased humanin levels play a role in lung cancer and breast cancer, respectively. Additionally, radiotherapy modifies MOTS-c levels in patients with lung, but not breast cancer.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla
Current evidence positions MOTS-c as a promising biomarker and potential therapeutic candidate in respiratory medicine.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: Performance Medicine Institute
Many unapproved peptides demonstrate favorable tissue repair and metabolic outcomes in animal models, but rigorous human safety data are scarce, and there is potential for serious harm to patients.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: International Institute of Molecular Mechanisms and Machines
We discuss how mtDNA instability, defective repair, and altered mitochondrial dynamics trigger signalling cascades involving metabolic sensors, calcium fluxes, and innate immune pathways.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: Institute of Biotechnology
This review highlights the therapeutic synergy of next-generation peptide, cellular, and nanoplatform-based therapies in enhancing outcomes for advanced HCC.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, University of P
The increasingly recognized role of MDPs in nonpulmonary diseases sheds light on the importance of more investigations of MDPs, their clinical and mechanistic roles, and their therapeutic potential for pulmonary diseases.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School
MOTS-c activates AMPK, regulates nuclear gene expression, suppresses fibrotic and inflammatory signaling, and restores mitochondrial function in MASLD and fibrosis models.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: Department of Neurosurgery, Jin Hua Municipal Central Hospital
Recent advances in mitoribosome profiling, DIA-based proteogenomics, and mitochondrial base editing have accelerated the discovery and functional characterization of MDPs.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre
By understanding the comprehensive roles and mechanisms of these multifunctional peptides, we can better appreciate their capacity to prevent and treat vascular aging and associated cardiovascular disorders.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: Auckland Bioengineering Institute
In addition, the key role of MOTS-c in the major diabetes-related complications is specifically explored, with a special focus on its protective and therapeutic potential in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: Biochemistry and Chemistry of the Environmental Factors Department, Faculty of Pharmacy
Finally, here we propose a stratified treatment algorithm based on common age-related comorbidities, offering a framework for precision-based interventions that may offer a promising strategy to preserve metabolic plasticity and delay the age-associated decline in cardiometabolic health.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College
By identifying critical knowledge gaps, particularly in the areas of molecular mechanisms of MDPs in neuroprotection, targeted delivery, and clinical translation, this review provides a comprehensive framework to guide future investigations.
Compound: MOTS-c
Inst: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy
Research into the mechanisms involving MDPs in PD not only enhances the insight into disease mechanisms but could potentially lead the way toward next-generation therapies.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Sahu Onkar Saran School of Pharmacy
Additionally, the integration of advanced technologies, such as genetic engineering and artificial intelligence, is paving the way for personalized probiotic therapies and innovative skincare solutions, highlighting Bifidobacterium's multifaceted therapeutic potential in enhancing human well-being.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy
To elucidate the clinical significance of glutathione, future research should focus on conducting randomized controlled trials, developing standardized formulations, and performing long-term safety assessments.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Faculty of Health Sciences
Exploratory redox-function associations support further investigation in larger, adequately powered trials.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science
Prophylaxis with quercetin bar appears to be effective in reducing the incidence and severity of AMS. It also improves the physiological and haematological responses along with reducing the oxidative stress of the individual ascending to high altitudes.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods
The ODF formulation exhibited a distinct pharmacokinetic profile and showed a trend toward greater systemic glutathione exposure compared with the tablet formulation.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Center for Esthetic Dentistry
Significant differences in biomarkers related to lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress were observed between patients with DMCP and CP. Key indicators demonstrating relatively robust differences include VLDL, 4-HNE, CAT, GSSG, NOS, IL-8, hs-CRP, and C-peptide.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Faculty of Health Sciences
The available evidence supports a consistent redox imbalance in OLK characterized by increased oxidative damage and impaired systemic antioxidant defenses. Salivary and serum biomarkers, particularly MDA and 8-OHdG, show promise as non-invasive indicators of oxidative stress and disease progression.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Research laboratory: Evaluation and Management of Musculoskeletal System Pathologies
Concurrent training combined with melatonin supplementation showed greater anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects than each intervention alone, and was more beneficial than training alone for body composition in PwMS.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: School of Life Sciences and Environmental Resources
Additionally, dietary Se supplementation increased the abundances of potentially beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus, Parabacteroides, Akkermansia, and UCG_005 (P < 0.05).
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Stomatological Hospital
This meta-analysis suggests that OS may be involved in the pathogenesis of OLK. The pooled analysis indicates a potential disruption of redox balance in patients with OLK.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Science
Acute post-exercise HMB-FA supplementation in elite judo athletes did not significantly influence muscle damage or oxidative stress markers but transiently increased antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, GPX, and SOD).
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command
HA infusion may reduce the risk of further decompensation by improving systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in decompensated cirrhosis.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute
N-acetylcysteine supplementation did not provide additional cognitive benefits beyond that of cardiac rehabilitation alone among patients with vascular mild cognitive impairment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on August 31, 2017 (NCT03306979).
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy
The strongest evidence emerged for acute mild TBI, where early NAC administration significantly improved symptom resolution, and for PD, where combined intravenous/oral NAC improved dopamine transporter binding. NAC demonstrated a favorable safety profile across all conditions.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Department of Clinical Pharmacy
CoQ10 significantly improved disease severity, QoL, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in JIA patients with an excellent safety profile. UNLABELLED: Clinical-trials.gov identification number: NCT05871086.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry
High-load, velocity-intentional resistance training-on land or in water-effectively improves neurocognition, oxidative balance, inflammation, strength, function, and quality of life in older adults. Aquatic training is particularly effective for attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center
The current review provides evidence about the role of Tau in SLE and highlights the importance of further well-designed clinical trials to confirm these results, establish optimal dose and assess safety and long-term efficacy.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences
Based on the protection observed against infection, Na-GST-1/Al-CpG has been selected for further clinical testing. The higher levels of anti-Na-GST-1 IgG seen in association with protection against challenge infection suggests that humoral immune responses might correlate with protection.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding
Overall, SCFP supplementation improved the ruminal environment, reduced oxidative stress and the inflammatory status, and ultimately increased milk production.
Compound: Glutathione
Inst: Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University
Multinutrient supplementation may enhance antioxidant defenses in children who had low plasma zinc and selenium, while potential pro-oxidant effects in those with higher selenium and chromium warrant further investigation.
Compound: KPV
Inst: 3rd Division of Internal Medicine
Because alpha-MSH has potent anti-inflammatory effects we determined influences of alpha-MSH on C. albicans and S. aureus killing by human neutrophils. alpha-MSH peptides did not reduce killing but rather enhanced it, likely as a consequence of the direct antimicrobial activity. alpha-MSH peptides that combine antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects could be useful in treatment of disorders in which infection and inflammation coexist.
Compound: KPV
Inst: Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais
Until longitudinal data clarify their safety and prevalence, peptide use in both competitive and recreational settings should be considered high-risk and ethically problematic.
Compound: KPV
Inst: S-Inova Biotech, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Dom Bosco Catholic University
HDPs have immunoregulatory mechanisms, downregulating the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, modulating cytokine release, and restoring homeostasis. The data suggest that HDPs have therapeutic potential for IBDs, offering a way to reduce side effects, and we focus on this issue here.
Compound: KPV
Inst: Department of Dermatology, University of Münster
While the exact signaling mechanism utilized by KPV and related peptides currently is unknown it has been demonstrated already that significant similarities between anti-inflammatory signaling of α-MSH and those short peptides exist.
Compound: KPV
Inst: Department of Dermatology, University of Münster
At the molecular level, alpha-MSH affects various pathways implicated in regulation of inflammation and protection, i.e., nuclear factor-kappaB activation, expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors, production of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators, IL-10 synthesis, T cell proliferation and activity, inflammatory cell migration, expression of antioxidative enzymes, and apoptosis.
Compound: KPV
Inst: Department of Dermatology and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cell Biology and Immunobiology of
Moreover, in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation, systemic treatment with alpha-MSH resulted in a significant reduction of allergen-specific IgE production, eosinophil influx, and IL-4 production.
Compound: KPV
Inst: Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
The key to this anti-inflammatory influence is inhibition of NF-kappa B. Indeed alpha-MSH inhibits activation of this nuclear factor through preservation of I kappa B alpha, which binds to NF-kappa B and prevents its migration to the nucleus.
Compound: KPV
Inst: Division of Internal Medicine
At the molecular level, alpha-MSH inhibited activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B known to enhance HIV expression. alpha-MSH that combines antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects could be useful in the treatment of disorders in which infection and inflammation coexist.
Compound: KPV
Inst: Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
In our study, we utilize KPV-Lipos with Nlrp3 shRNA to precisely knockdown NLRP3 expression in melanocytes and effectively alleviate vitiligo development, which provide a potentially promising strategy for the treatment of vitiligo.
Compound: KPV
Inst: Major of Human Bio-convergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University
KPV also downregulated AKT phosphorylation, leading to inhibition of mTORC1 phosphorylation under hepatic steatosis conditions.
Compound: KPV
Inst: Convergence Technology Research Institute
Collectively, these findings suggest that KPV protects keratinocytes by mitigating PM10-induced pyroptosis and holds potential as a therapeutic agent for preventing environmental pollutant-related skin damage, with promising applications in functional cosmetics and skin-protective treatments.
Compound: KPV
Inst: Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital
Mechanistically, KPV-RAPA NPs inhibit inflammatory responses and activated autophagy. Therefore, this study indicates that the new carrier-free KPV-RAPA NPs have great potential as therapeutic agents for VC combination therapy, which can promote the development of nanodrugs for VC.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: Institute of Gerontology
A significantly lower mortality in the group of patients treated with epithalamin in parallel with basic therapy also indicated a geroprotective effect of the peptide preparation from the pineal gland.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: Institute of Gerontology
During the dark period plasma melatonin concentration increased in subjects with initially lowered activity of the pineal gland, while in subjects with normal epiphyseal function plasma melatonin concentration tended to decrease.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology
The increase in LS did not depend on the substance dose. Effective concentrations of epitalon were 16,000-80,000,000 times lower than those of melatonin.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: College of Medicine
Therapeutic peptides offer mechanistically diverse approaches to multiple aging hallmarks. While FDA-approved agents demonstrate clinical potential, investigational peptides require rigorous validation through well-designed clinical trials to establish safety and efficacy for healthspan extension.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Deakin University
Both groups observed a surprising 25-percent increase of life span in conjunction with a postponed senescence.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
Importantly, targeting this axis with Epitalon and Chaetocin can partially eliminate therapy-induced senescent cells, enhance response to chemotherapeutics, and alleviate the immunosuppressive microenvironment to a certain extent in vivo.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University
Our results suggest that telomerase activation via Epitalon improves bovine in vitro embryo production.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College
Epitalon treatment significantly decreased frequency of spindle defects and abnormal distribution of cortical granules during aging for 12h and 24h, while increased mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA copy number of mitochondria, thus decreasing apoptosis of oocytes by 24h of in vitro aging.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: Department of Innovative Technology in Medicine and Odontoiatrics, Center of Advanced Studies a
Lastly, by incubating the THP1 cells, treated with the peptides, on a layer of activated endothelial cells (HUVECs activated by LPS), we observed a reduction in cell adhesion, a typical pro-inflammatory mechanism.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pe
The data obtained confirm the geroprotective effect of AEDG and KED peptide, which was shown early in animal and cells models.
Compound: Epithalon
Inst: 1 Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine
Thus, the compound of peptides AEDG, KE, AED, and KED could promote the neuronal differentiation of hPDLSCs and be a promising tool for the study of peptides as a modulator of neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases studied in animal models.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: Faculty of Medicine
Tesamorelin improves body composition, hepatic fat, lean body mass, and IGF-1 levels in HIV-associated lipodystrophy, without serious side effects or perturbation of glucose.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
The current analysis provides the first dedicated data on the efficacy and safety of tesamorelin among PWH on INSTI-based regimens.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
Long-term treatment with a GHRH analog reduced markers of T-cell and monocyte/macrophage activity, suggesting that augmentation of the GH axis may ameliorate immune activation in an HIV population with metabolic dysregulation, systemic and end organ inflammation. Clinical Trials Registration.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
In this longitudinal study of HIV-associated NAFLD, high rates of hepatic fibrosis and progression were observed. Visceral adiposity was identified as a novel predictor of worsening fibrosis.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
Tesamorelin also reciprocally up- and downregulated curated gene sets associated with favorable and poor hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis, respectively. Notably, among tesamorelin-treated participants, these changes in hepatic expression correlated with improved fibrosis-related gene score.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: Kristine M. Erlandson
Among those with clinically significant decrease in visceral adipose tissue on treatment, tesamorelin was effective in increasing skeletal muscle area and density.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Treatment of type 2 diabetic patients with tesamorelin for 12 weeks did not alter insulin response or glycemic control. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01264497.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: Program in Nutritional Metabolism and Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and H
In HIV-infected individuals, FGF21 is significantly positively associated with liver fat. FGF21 decreases in association with reductions in liver fat, GGT, and FIB4, suggesting that FGF21 is upregulated in the context of steatosis and steatohepatitis and is reduced when these conditions improve.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal
An open one-compartment model with first and zero order absorption processes and linear elimination is suitable to characterize the pharmacokinetics of tesamorelin. The fraction of tesamorelin absorbed by a first-order process evolves with time.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: EMD Serono
Individuals with baseline MetS-NCEP, elevated triglyceride levels, or white race were most likely to experience reductions in VAT after 6 months of tesamorelin treatment.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: Program in Nutritional Metabolism and Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and H
Increases in IGF-I from 12 months of treatment with tesamorelin were significantly associated with improvements in PCr recovery parameters in obese men and women with reduced GH secretion, suggestive of improvements in mitochondrial function.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital
Twenty weeks of GHRH administration increased GABA levels in all 3 brain regions, increased NAAG levels in the frontal cortex, and decreased MI levels in the posterior cingulate.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: Program in Nutritional Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
In contrast to nonresponders, HIV-infected patients receiving tesamorelin with ≥8% reduction in VAT have significantly improved triglyceride levels, adiponectin levels, and preservation of glucose homeostasis over 52 weeks of treatment.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: Program in Nutritional Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital
In HIV patients with abdominal adiposity, tesamorelin may have a modest beneficial effect on adiponectin and fibrinolytic markers in association with changes in VAT. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of these changes.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: Department of Medicine, Montreal General Hospital and McGill University School of Medicine
Tesamorelin reduces visceral fat by approximately 18% and improves body image distress in HIV-infected patients with central fat accumulation. These changes are achieved without significant side effects or perturbation of glucose.
Compound: Tesamorelin
Inst: Montreal General Hospital
Treatment with tesamorelin was generally well tolerated and resulted in sustained decreases in VAT and triglycerides over 52 weeks without aggravating glucose. Though effects on VAT are sustained during treatment for 52 weeks, these effects do not last beyond the duration of treatment.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst: College of Medicine
Two subjects had increased pigmentation in the face, upper body and buttock, as measured by quantitative reflectance and by visual perception 1 week after MT-II dosing ended.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst: Pelvipharm Laboratories
The use of telemetry technology allowed to collect quantifiable and reliable data regarding the proerectile activity of MT-II in physiological conditions. The telemetry model appears suitable for investigating the potential inducer proerectile properties of pharmacological agents.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst:
While sunless tanners provide a UV-free tanning option, dermatologists should educate patients on ingredient safety, potential adverse effects, and proper application techniques. Given their minimal UV protection, patients should be advised to continue regular sunscreen use.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst: Department of Nephrology, Skaraborg Hospital
Melanotan II is a non-selective melanocortin-receptor agonist and its effect on humans is an increasing of skin pigmentation, producing of spontaneous penile erection and sexual stimulation.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst: Department of Dermatology and Copenhagen Wound Healing Center
Based on the clinical distinction, we propose a new subclassification of EMN: (1) widespread eruptive nevi (WEN), with numerous small nevi, triggered by, for example, drugs and internal diseases, and (2) Köbner-like eruptive nevi, often with big and few nevi, associated with skin diseases and most often localized at the site of previous skin disease/trauma.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst: Urology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital
Acute priapism is an unreported side effect of melanocortin analogue use and this case report presents a patient managed without surgical intervention. Future therapeutic application of these agents will need to take this potential life altering complication into consideration.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst: Division of Chemical and Physical Health Risks
The danger regarding the use of these falsified polypeptide drugs lies in the fact that end-users have no guarantee of the safety and efficacy of these preparations.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst: Medisch Centrum 't Gooi
Multiple national health organizations have issued safety warnings regarding the use of melanotan I and II.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine
To date, there is a lack of published data specifically addressing the timeline for resolution of oral pigmentation associated with Melanotan II use, making this case a valuable contribution to the limited existing literature on the subject.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
The current work endeavours to explore afamelanotide's degradation pathways under various chemical and physical stress conditions: acidic, basic, neutral, and oxidative stress, UV light exposure, and increased temperature at 60⁰C.
Compound: Melanotan II
Inst: Dermatology
We hope to highlight this case to increase awareness of the side effects of melanotan.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: Performance Medicine Institute
Many unapproved peptides demonstrate favorable tissue repair and metabolic outcomes in animal models, but rigorous human safety data are scarce, and there is potential for serious harm to patients.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais
Until longitudinal data clarify their safety and prevalence, peptide use in both competitive and recreational settings should be considered high-risk and ethically problematic.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: Students' Research Group at the Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine,
This narrative review contrasts peer-reviewed pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and clinical evidence with commonly encountered online self-administration protocols, stratifying peptides into evidence tiers from regulatory-grade randomized trial data to a complete absence of human studies, and highlights the resulting uncertainty around putative performance and recomposition benefits.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: Baylor College of Medicine
All are potent GH and IGF-1 stimulators that can significantly improve body composition while ameliorating specific hypogonadal symptoms including fat gain and muscular atrophy.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: Industria Farmaceutica Serono
Mono-PEGylated isomers with a PEG5000 polymer chain linked to Lys 12 or Lys 21 residues, showed high biological activity in vitro, which is similar to that of hGRF1-29, and a higher pharmacodynamic response as compared to unmodified GRF molecule.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: Hacettepe University
The effectiveness of different cleanup solvents during the ultrafiltration step was further assessed. Achieved LODs (≤ 0.5 ng/mL) and LOIs (0.5-0.75 ng/mL) demonstrated sufficient sensitivity for effective detection and confirmation analysis of the target peptides in urine.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine
This case raises the hypothesis that chronic GH axis stimulation, in combination with remote cervical trauma, may contribute to clinically significant osteophyte formation. Conservative management was initiated with dietary modification and counseling regarding GH cessation.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research
In most instances, the physicochemical differences are too significant to allow for a generic analytical procedure.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: University of Bucharest
The present method developed by our doping control laboratory was validated according to WADA technical documents for selectivity, limit of detection (LOD), carryover, reliability of detection, stability and recovery.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: Institut Galien Paris-Saclay
Acid and organic solvent addition to the sample (0.1 mM phosphoric acid with 30% methanol) led to a twofold signal improvement, when compared to water as a matrix. We increased capillary dimensions to provide a signal enhancement through the injection of a larger sample volume.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: Pharmacy Department
Matrix effect and sample pretreatment significantly affect the percentage recovery of peptides in biological matrices, affecting the method robustness and accuracy. The analytical methodology and sample pretreatment were effective for the analysis of these molecules.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: Doping Control Laboratory
In a comparison with immuno-affinity purification, enhanced recoveries (59 - 115%) and similar sensitivity were achieved, yet at lower operational costs.
Compound: Sermorelin
Inst: Institute of Biochemistry
In contrast to urine, blood analysis essentially relies on the detection of intact peptide hormones, and the expected concentrations are commonly higher in blood samples than in urine.
Compound: Ipamorelin
Inst: Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
This stomach-specific expression of ghrelin in seabream is subject to regulation, as administration of growth hormone or ipamorelin to the fish in vivo was demonstrated to enhance its expression.
Compound: Ipamorelin
Inst: Department of Connective Tissue Biology, Institute of Anatomy
In conclusion, the decrease in muscle strength and bone formation found in GC-injected rats was counteracted by simultaneous administration of the growth hormone secretagogue.
Compound: Ipamorelin
Inst: Novo Nordisk A/S, Discovery & Preclinical Development
This procedure significantly attenuated the GH secretion response by 60-70%. By contrast, the effect of GH-releasing hormone on GH release was not inhibited.
Compound: Ipamorelin
Inst: Department of Growth Hormone Pharmacology
Ipamorelin differed markedly from the other peptides investigated, demonstrating a systemic plasma clearance 5-fold lower than that of GHRP-6.
Compound: Ipamorelin
Inst: Keck School of Medicine of USC
While peptide therapy may possess significant therapeutic and regenerative potential, it is critical that orthopaedic and sports medicine providers understand the current lack of evidence to support the clinical use of these peptides.
Compound: Ipamorelin
Inst: Performance Medicine Institute
Many unapproved peptides demonstrate favorable tissue repair and metabolic outcomes in animal models, but rigorous human safety data are scarce, and there is potential for serious harm to patients.
Compound: Ipamorelin
Inst: College of Medicine
Therapeutic peptides offer mechanistically diverse approaches to multiple aging hallmarks. While FDA-approved agents demonstrate clinical potential, investigational peptides require rigorous validation through well-designed clinical trials to establish safety and efficacy for healthspan extension.
Compound: Ipamorelin
Inst: Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais
Until longitudinal data clarify their safety and prevalence, peptide use in both competitive and recreational settings should be considered high-risk and ethically problematic.
Compound: Ipamorelin
Inst: Students' Research Group at the Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine,
This narrative review contrasts peer-reviewed pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and clinical evidence with commonly encountered online self-administration protocols, stratifying peptides into evidence tiers from regulatory-grade randomized trial data to a complete absence of human studies, and highlights the resulting uncertainty around putative performance and recomposition benefits.
Compound: Ipamorelin
Inst: Baylor College of Medicine
All are potent GH and IGF-1 stimulators that can significantly improve body composition while ameliorating specific hypogonadal symptoms including fat gain and muscular atrophy.
Compound: CJC-1295
Inst: Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Illinois at Chicago
CJC-1295 increased trough and mean GH secretion and IGF-I production with preserved GH pulsatility. The marked enhancement of trough GH levels by continuous GHRH stimulation implicates the importance of this effect on increasing IGF-I.
Compound: CJC-1295
Inst: Keck School of Medicine of USC
While peptide therapy may possess significant therapeutic and regenerative potential, it is critical that orthopaedic and sports medicine providers understand the current lack of evidence to support the clinical use of these peptides.
Compound: CJC-1295
Inst: Performance Medicine Institute
Many unapproved peptides demonstrate favorable tissue repair and metabolic outcomes in animal models, but rigorous human safety data are scarce, and there is potential for serious harm to patients.
Compound: CJC-1295
Inst: College of Medicine
Therapeutic peptides offer mechanistically diverse approaches to multiple aging hallmarks. While FDA-approved agents demonstrate clinical potential, investigational peptides require rigorous validation through well-designed clinical trials to establish safety and efficacy for healthspan extension.
Compound: CJC-1295
Inst: Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais
Until longitudinal data clarify their safety and prevalence, peptide use in both competitive and recreational settings should be considered high-risk and ethically problematic.
Compound: CJC-1295
Inst: Students' Research Group at the Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine,
This narrative review contrasts peer-reviewed pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and clinical evidence with commonly encountered online self-administration protocols, stratifying peptides into evidence tiers from regulatory-grade randomized trial data to a complete absence of human studies, and highlights the resulting uncertainty around putative performance and recomposition benefits.
Compound: CJC-1295
Inst: a Waterford Institute of Technology
Public health interventions should consider female self-medicating use of synthetic growth hormone within a repertoire of product supplementation, and related adverse health consequences.
Compound: CJC-1295
Inst: Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research
For each class of peptides an appropriate antibody and a respective internal standard was implemented ensuring robust analysis conditions.
Compound: CJC-1295
Inst: Hacettepe University
The effectiveness of different cleanup solvents during the ultrafiltration step was further assessed. Achieved LODs (≤ 0.5 ng/mL) and LOIs (0.5-0.75 ng/mL) demonstrated sufficient sensitivity for effective detection and confirmation analysis of the target peptides in urine.
Compound: CJC-1295
Inst: Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research
In most instances, the physicochemical differences are too significant to allow for a generic analytical procedure.
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